method for designing and implementing hydraulic elements to achieve stable operating points under impact loads

产品功能需求与实现之间的持续比较是产品开发的核心活动之一。这些验证活动中的许多都发生在测试环境中，以研究动态负载下的系统行为。动态载荷的特殊情况是周期性冲击载荷。这些高负载作用非常短的时间段，并且高能量也被传递到系统。到目前为止，这些负载还不能充分验证，因为在周期性冲击负载和高激励频率下，使用机械阻尼元件不能实现稳定和可调节的工作点。冲击载荷常用于破坏材料。用于冲击应用的系统（例如锤钻或采矿锤）的材料非破坏性验证正在增加，因为随着测试的可重复性增加，可以节省时间和成本。这些系统的材料非破坏性验证需要测试环境的高弹性，因为需要高阻尼性能以及恒定的系统行为。自己的初步工作表明，流体静力阻尼元件能够提供稳定的工作点的冲击负荷低磨损和可调条件。然而，到目前为止，在用于冲击载荷的液压阻尼元件的设计中没有支持，因为现有的支持仅处理关于具有较低阻尼性能的谐波激励的设计。该项目将为周期性冲击载荷的液压阻尼元件的设计提供有条理的支持。与这种阻尼元件的设计并行研究的有条理的支持，其允许在冲击载荷下识别水力效应，例如空化趋势。基于真实的表面的冲击特性和机械元件的阻尼特性，该机械元件能够吸收周期性冲击载荷，但具有非恒定的操作特性，确定对液压系统的要求。然后对液压系统进行了仿真和设计。设计活动总结在开发方法中。在设计的基础上，以液压系统为研究对象，建立了液压系统的设计方案.液压解决方案的物理验证能够识别液压阻尼元件在冲击载荷下的效果，特别是关于目标可调节性或恒定系统行为。这使得控制系统的设计能够在变化的冲击激励下实现恒定的阻尼特性。建立控制系统以实现可调节和恒定阻尼行为的步骤在开发方法中进行了处理，并显示了液压解决方案的附加值。

The continuous comparison between required and achieved product functions is one of the core activities in product development. Many of these validation activities take place in test environments to investigate the system behaviour under dynamic loads. Special cases of dynamic loads are cyclical impact loads. Those high loads act for a very short period of time and also a high energy is transferred to the system. These loads cannot be validated sufficiently up to now, as stable and adjustable operating points at cyclical impact loads and high excitation frequencies cannot be achieved with mechanical damping elements. Impact loads are often used to destroy materials. The material non-destructive validation of systems for impact applications, e.g. hammer drills or mining hammers, is increasing, since time and costs can be saved as the reproducibility of tests increases. The material non-destructive validation of these systems requires a high resilience of test environments, since a high damping performance together with a constant system behaviour is required. Own preliminary work has revealed that hydrostatic damping elements are capable of providing stable operating points for impact loads with low wear and adjustable conditions. Up to now, however, there is no support in the design of hydraulic damping elements for impact loads, as existing support only deals with designs regarding harmonic excitations with a lower damping performance. This project shall create a methodical support for the design of hydraulic damping elements for cyclical impact loads. The methodical support investigated in parallel to the design of such a damping element, which allows the identification of hydraulic effects, such as cavitation tendencies, under impact loads. Based on the impact behaviour of real surfaces and the damping behaviour of a mechanical element, which is able to absorb cyclical impact loads, but with non-constant operating behaviour, the requirements for a hydraulic system are determined. A hydraulic system is then simulated and designed. Design activities are summarized in the development method. Based on the design, the hydraulic solution is built as a research object. The physical validation of the hydraulic solution enables the identification of effects in hydraulic damping elements under impact loads, especially regarding the targeted adjustability or constant system behaviour. This enables the design of a control systems to achieve constant damping characteristics under changing impact excitations. Steps to build up a control system to achieve an adjustable and constant damping behaviour are dealt with in the development method and show the added value of hydraulic solutions.