Emergence of modular structure in complex systems

复杂的系统弥漫在我们的世界，但人们仍然知之甚少。自包含模块提供了减少和管理复杂性的最广泛和最有效的方法，但它们在自然系统中的形成方式在很大程度上仍然是一个谜。这项研究调查了复杂网络中模块形成的机制，包括适应、聚集、奴役、反馈、相变和同步。成果将包括对许多复杂系统的组织和功能的洞察，包括互联网、生态社区和遗传网络。实际成果将包括进化计算以及大型信息网络的设计和控制的新的建模工具和应用。

Complex systems pervade our world, but are still poorly understood. Self-contained modules provide the most widespread and effective way of reducing and managing complexity, but the way they form in natural systems remains largely a mystery. This study investigates mechanisms that contribute to module formation in complex networks, including adaptation, clustering, enslavement, feedback, phase change and synchronisation. Outcomes will include insights into the organisation and functioning of many complex systems, including the Internet, ecological communities and genetic networks. Practical outcomes will include new modelling tools and applications both to evolutionary computation and the design and control of large information networks.