Anthropology of Post-foraging Societies : A Comparative Study

形成了一个研究网络，由500多名研究人员组成，研究世界各地的狩猎和采集社团。还讨论了比较研究的方法和总体框架，从中共列出23个主题，作为当代狩猎采集社会研究的重要问题。在这些讨论之后，举行了一次科学会议，来自日本国内外的研究人员讨论了商品化、发展政策、自然和文化保护、旅游和其他与全球化有关的问题。在进行比较研究的同时，还与喀麦隆研究人员合作，对非洲喀麦隆森林中的巴卡狩猎采集者进行了实地研究。这项研究的重点是巴卡人如何应对伐木业和自然保护运动对森林的破坏。在目前的情况下，他们对未来的展望存在问题：(1)密集的经济作物栽培可能会导致他们与农业邻国在耕种土地上产生竞争和敌对关系，(2)种植园的就业将使他们成为喀麦隆民族国家工资最低的劳动者，而他们迄今在森林生活中保持着相对自主的地位。(3)由于价格低和基础设施差，肉类和其他林产品的商品化可能不会得到迅速推广；(4)参与旅游既不是一个好的选择，因为他们所在的地区游客不多。尽管巴卡人表现出了适应新形势的多样化方式，但他们都保持着森林精灵特有的仪式表演。这样的仪式表演构成了他们文化认同的核心。

A research network was formed consisting of more than 500 researchers on hunting and gathering societies in the world. Methodology and a general framework for a comparative study were also discussed, from which a total of 23 topics were listed as important problems in the study of contemporary hunter-gatherer societies. Following these discussions, a scientific meeting was held, in which researchers, both from within and outside Japan, discussed the problems of commoditisation, development policies, nature and culture conservation, tourism and other problems relating to globalization.Along with these comparative study, fields research was also conducted on the Baka hunter-gatherers in the Cameroon forest of Africa, in cooperation with Cameroonian researchers. The research was focused on how the Baka are coping with forest destruction by logging industries and nature conservation movements. Under the present situation, their visions of future are with problems; (1)intensive cash crop cutivation may result in a competitive, hostile relationship with their agricultural neighbors over the land for cultivation, (2)employment at plantations will impose them the status of lowest-paid wage laborers in the Cameroon nation-state, while they have so far maintained relative autonomy in the forest life. (3)commoditisation of meat and other forest products may not be promoted promptly, owing to the low prices and bad infrastructure, and (4)involvement intourism is neither a good option, because there are not many tourists in their area.Although the Baka show a diversity way of adaptation to the new situations, all of them maintain characteristic ritual performances of forest sprits. Such ritual performances comprise the core of their cultural identity.