Demography of eusocial insects

迄今为止，对昆虫真社会性进化的研究仅限于行为学和遗传学方面，对真社会性进化的生态条件的研究也很少。本人利用国家自然科学基金（06640826）的资助，积累了一批关于一种真社会性胡蜂（Ropalidia fasciata）和一种真社会性蚜虫（Pseudoregma bambucicola）种群参数的资料。使用这些数据，并在本研究的第一年获得的额外数据，我试图澄清生产不育种姓和建立多女王殖民地的生态和人口条件。主要研究结果如下：1.黄粉虫（1）由于捕食和台风的影响，蚁巢失巢率很高，但蚁巢重建能力很强。因此，超过一半的殖民地可以产生繁殖。(2)虽然几乎所有在春季标记的foundresses在8月底死亡，但次年的繁殖后代在此之后产生，这表明该物种至少部分是二化性的。(3)在冲绳洪托，大约一半的巢是由多个foundresses（多子宫）。雌蜂数量越多，营巢存活率和重建率越高，工蜂生产越早。这可能是该物种多子宫和一夫多妻率高的原因之一。(4)目前正在编写一份英文论文。为了听取对本研究的意见和建议，我们印制了一份非正式的研究报告，并将其发送给从事真社会性研究的研究人员。2.在冲绳和鹿儿岛进行了实地调查，并对数据进行了人口学分析，包括以前的数据。下一步是准备英文手稿。

Researches on the evolution of eusociality in insects have so far been limited to its ethological and genetical aspects, and only a few studies have been done on the ecological conditions which allowed evolution of eusociality. I have accumulated many data on population parameters of a eusocial wasp, Ropalidia fasciata, and a eusocial aphid, Pseudoregma bambucicola, partly by the grant-in-aid for scientific research (06640826). Using these data, and additional data obtained in the first year of this study, I attempted to clarify ecological and demographic conditions for production of sterile castes and establishment of multiqueen colonies. Main resutls are as follows :1.R.fasciata(1) Rate of nest failure was very high due to predation and typhoon, but the colonies had high ability to reconstruct their nests. Thus more than a half of colonies could produce reproductives.(2) Although almost all foundresses marked in spring died by the end of August, reproductives of the next year were produced after this time, suggesting that this species is, at least partly, bivoltine.(3) On Okinawa Honto, about a half of nests were established by multiple foundresses (pleometrosis). Larger the number of foundresses, higher the nest survivorship and reconstruction rate, and earlier the production of workers. This might be a reason of high rate of pleometrosis and polygyny in this species.(4) An English paper is now preparing. To hear opinions and advices on this study, an informal research report was printed and sent to researchers working on eusociality.2.P.bambucicolaField surveyps were made in Okinawa and Kagoshima, and demographic analysis of the data, including those taken before, have been carried out. The next step is preparation of English manuscript.