National Land Restructuring Through Lateral Networks

全球范围内社会、经济关系、政治和文化的变化加速了日本各地对新的多边网络结构和系统的需求。从国家土地结构调整的角度来看，以下两个应发挥主导作用：(A)与附近地方行政当局横向联网的大都市；(B)内部横向联网的大都市地区。本文包括对群马县、赤木县和滋贺县的个案研究。近年来，在社会、城市和人文场景的各个领域，大都市区的封闭式和层次式网络经历了向开放和横向网络的转变。正在将一个大都市重组为几个独立的区域核心，这些独立的区域核心之间的多极化增加了通过横向网络协调这些核心的新框架的需要。不仅是大城市，还有所谓的卫星城市…更多的S和乡镇经历了向自治、无等级的网络伙伴关系的转变。日本大都市区有两种类型：一种是单极集中型，如大都会东京都；另一种是多极竞争类型，如京都-大阪-神户大都市区。日本各地的中小城市和城镇摆脱对大城市的等级依赖的时候到了。将自己重组为自主合作伙伴，与较大城市建立横向网络，是一条可行的道路。现有的市政公司在匆忙进行合并之前，应该先寻找横向网络，而当地居民可能需要更多时间来做出决定。如果通过宇都宫、前桥-高崎和须和之间的网络开发一个新的大都市区，该地区将绕过过度集中的东京都地区，连接两个首都功能搬迁的候选地点，即？木-福岛地区和岐阜市-青池地区。通过其对东京的权力下放效应，有可能推动全国范围内的结构调整。较少

Global scale changes in societies, economic relations, politics and cultures have accelerated the need for new multilateral network structures and systems throughout Japan. From the view point of national land restructuring, the following two should play the leading roles: (a) metropolises with lateral networks with the local administrations nearby; and (b) greater metropolitan areas networked laterally within. This paper includes case studies in Gunma Prefecture, Tochigi Prefecture and Shiga Prefecture.1. In recent year, closed and hierarchical networks in metropolitan areas have undergone changes into open and lateral networks in the various fields of social, urban and human scenes. Restructuring of a large metropolis into several independent regional cores has been in progress.Multi-polarization among those independent regional cores has increased the need for new frameworks for coordinating those cores through lateral networks. Not only big cities but also so-called satellite citie … More s and towns have experienced changes into autonomous, non-hierarchical network partnership.2. There are two types in the metropolitan areas in Japan: a uni-polar concentrated type, e.g. the Grater Tokyo Metropolitan Area: and a multi-polar rivalry type, e.g. the Grater Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe Metropolitan Area. Time has come for the small and medium sized cities and towns all over Japan to leave hierarchical dependence on larger cities. Reorganizing themselves as autonomous partners with lateral networks with larger cities is the way to go. Existent municipal corporations should seek after lateral networks before rushing into mergers which local residents might need more time to decide.3. If a new metropolitan area is developed by networks among Utsunomiya, Maebashi-Takasaki and Suwa, the area will connect the two candidate sites for the relocation of the capital functions, namely the Tochigi-Fukushima area and the Gifu-Aochi area, bypassing the excessively concentrated Tokyo Metropolitan Area. It is possible to promote nationwide restructuring through its decentralizing effects on Tokyo. Less