RESEARCHES ON BASIC CULTURE OF EUROPE-WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FRANCE

本研究项目以法国为研究对象，重点研究了传统工匠的身体技术、传统的发明与古代的意识、当代人的宗教心态、现代世界的国际朝圣运动、农村社会的家族束缚与民俗、以农业和林业为生计、节日文化和政治的现代表现等主题。在研究这些极端不同的主题时，我们保持了欧洲的基本文化，作为我们的核心概念，以探索对欧洲理解的新维度。参与这个项目的人类学家和历史学家可以很好地合作，互相交流他们的观点。在连续2年的实地考察前后，我们就研究问题进行了10次辩论赛。至于对基本文化的理解，我们达成了共识，即更重视“长时间”方面，而不是按时间顺序排列的旧时代。一位人类学家随后提出了基本文化的另一个方面：研究人员可以提取的文化“类型”。历史学家和其他人都对这个非历史的概念表示怀疑。我们对这个概念进行了改进，并增加了一些限制，但我们未能达成最终协议。这一点在未来的项目中有待解决。

This research project focused, with special reference to France, on the various subjects such as the corporal technique of traditional craftsmen, the invention of tradition and the consciousness of ancient times, the religious mentality of contemporaries, the international pilgrimages' movements of modern world, the familial bondage of rural society and the folk customs, agriculture and forestry as livelihood, the festival culture and the modern representation of politics. In investigating these extremely divergent themes, we maintained the basic culture of Europe, as our core concept, in order to explore the new dimension of the understanding of Europe. The anthropologists and the historians who participated in this project could cooperate very well, in crossing their views each other. Before and after the 2 year consecutive field work, we held 10 debate sessions about our research problems. As for the understanding of the basic culture, we reached our mutual agreement on putting the more importance on the aspect of 'longue duree'(long period of time) than on that of the chronological old times. An anthropologist then proposed another aspect of the basic culture : cultural 'types' which can be extracted by the researchers. The historians among others expressed their doubts for this ahistorical concept. The concept was refined and with some restrictions added, but we could not arrive at the final agreement. This point remains to be solved in the future projects.