Combination of resveratrol, lecithin and vegetable oil for complete replacement of fish oil in fish feeds

鱼被认为是一种重要的健康食品，主要是因为它的脂肪酸组成。特别关注的是长链高度不饱和的omega-3 （n-3）脂肪酸（HUFA），如二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）。由于渔业产量几十年来一直停滞不前，全球对人类营养鱼类日益增长的需求越来越多地由水产养殖部门来满足。为了满足水产养殖对富含EPA和dha的鱼类的需求，鱼类饲料中的脂质来源至关重要。然而，鱼类饲料中最重要的脂质来源之一-鱼油-在过去几年中已逐渐被植物脂肪来源所取代。这意味着水产养殖鱼类的脂肪酸组成不再符合人体增加摄入长链omega-3脂肪酸的建议。因此，目前水产养殖的一个重要目标是在不增加鱼油在鱼饲料本身中所占比例的情况下，大幅提高鱼产品中n-3 HUFA的含量。在我们之前的项目中，对照饲养研究表明，虹鳟鱼饲料中的二苯乙烯白藜芦醇（Oncorhynchus mykiss， W., 1792）导致鱼体内EPA和DHA的显著增加。然而，在饲料中添加白藜芦醇会降低饲料的能量消化率，也会降低鱼的采食量。在目前的项目中，这些负面结果旨在利用应用伙伴生产的卵磷脂来补偿。因此，该项目的目的是使用白藜芦醇、卵磷脂和植物油的混合物，在不影响生长性能的情况下，完全替代鱼饲料中的鱼油。作为体内饲养实验的补充，体外细胞培养机制研究将在分子水平上揭示白藜芦醇和卵磷脂的联合作用。由于互补的项目团队进行了相应的体内和体外实验，TRL7将建立一个新的研究组合化合物的研究领域。总的来说，我们的项目有潜力解决许多研究问题，它将导致弗劳恩霍夫，工业合作伙伴和大学之间的额外商业合作。进一步促进了前人项目成果的商业化利用。

Fish is considered an important and healthy food primarily due to its fatty acid composition. Particular attention is paid to the long-chain highly unsaturated omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (HUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). As yields from fisheries have stagnated since several decades, the growing global demand of fish for human nutrition has been increasingly met by the aquaculture sector. To meet the demand for EPA- and DHA-rich fish due to aquaculture, lipid sources in fish feed are critical. However, one of the most important lipid sources in fish feed - fish oil - has been increasingly replaced by vegetable fat sources over the past years. This means that the fatty acid composition in aquaculture derived fish no longer meets the recommendations for increased intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in humans. Therefore, an important goal of aquaculture is currently to substantially increase the content of n-3 HUFA in fish products without increasing the portion of fish oil in fish feed per se. In our previous project, controlled feeding studies demonstrated that the stilbene resveratrol in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W., 1792) led to a significant increase in EPA and DHA in the fish body. However, the use of resveratrol in the feed resulted in reduced energy digestibility of the feed, as well as decreased feed intake of the fish. In the present project, these negative outcomes are aimed to be compensated using lecithin produced by the application partner. Thus, the purpose of the project is to use a mixture of resveratrol, lecithin and vegetable oil to achieve a complete replacement of fish oil in fish feed without compromising growth performance. Complementary to the in vivo feeding experiments, mechanistic in vitro cell culture studies, will be applied to unravel the combined effect of resveratrol and lecithin at the molecular level. Due to the complementary project team conducting the corresponding in vivo and in vitro experiments, a new research area for investigating combined compounds will be established at the TRL7. Overall, our project has the potential to address numerous research questions, and it will lead to additional commercial collaborations between Fraunhofer, industrial partners and the university. Furthermore, it will advance the commercial exploitability of the results of the predecessor project.