Aerosol variability and interaction with ambient conditions based on small-scale vertical and horizontal distribution of Arctic measurements (AIDA)

在北极气候系统中，气溶胶颗粒在理解快速变暖方面起着至关重要的作用。在低背景气溶胶浓度为主的情况下，局部新粒子形成事件是气溶胶粒子的重要来源，对云凝结核有重要贡献。由于难以接近，特别是在北极地区的垂直测量是罕见的。然而，气溶胶浓度在空间和时间上变化很大，因此难以在模式中实现。特别是，在小尺度上的空间分布和时间变化很大程度上取决于环境条件，如大气分层、云、地形和地表性质。因此，AIDA项目（基于北极测量的小尺度垂直和水平分布的气溶胶变异性和与环境条件的相互作用）研究了斯瓦尔巴群岛新奥勒松站点的小尺度变异性，这是一个小尺度对比环境条件的自然实验室。除了新奥勒松和齐柏林山现有的连续测量地面观测站之外，还可以同时对系绳气球进行垂直测量，对固定翼无人机进行水平和垂直测量。计划测量从春季北极雾霾季节（主要是远程传输）到夏季当地气溶胶形成的过渡时间。无人机和系绳气球配备了类似的气溶胶仪器：关键仪器是在每个测量平台上并行操作的两个不同低检测阈值的冷凝颗粒计数器，用于识别3-20 nm范围内的非常小的颗粒，这是新颗粒形成的一个指标。在本次活动中，将首次在气球系统中安装新型轻型气溶胶粒径光谱仪，测量8 - 300 nm之间的气溶胶粒径分布。此外，更大的气溶胶粒子的传感器被用于研究依赖于原有气溶胶浓度的新粒子的形成和人为污染的远距离传输的贡献。温度和湿度以高时间分辨率记录，以研究大气稳定性和混合。由于当地风场受当地地形的强烈影响，三维风矢量也被测量。热力学条件的小尺度变率预计将对新的小气溶胶颗粒的形成和生长产生重大影响。所有这些来自垂直和水平测量的现场数据将在随后与合作伙伴合作进行分析，这些合作伙伴在新奥勒松、齐柏林山和其他北极地点运营补充测量系统。研究结果将有助于更好地了解气溶胶颗粒的小尺度分布、形成、生长和垂直输送过程。

In the Arctic climate system, aerosol particles play a crucial role in understanding the rapid warming. With predominantly low background aerosol concentrations, local new particle formation events are an important source of aerosol particles, and can contribute significantly to cloud condensation nuclei. Due to the difficult accessibility, particularly vertical measurements in Arctic areas are rare. However, the aerosol concentration is highly variable in space and time and therefore difficult to implement in models. In particular, the spatial distribution and temporal variability on small scales strongly depends on ambient conditions, like atmospheric stratification, clouds, orography and surface properties. Therefore, the project AIDA (Aerosol variability and interaction with ambient conditions based on small-scale vertical and horizontal distribution of Arctic measurements) studies the small-scale variability at the site Ny-Alesund in Svalbard, a natural laboratory of small-scale contrasting environmental conditions, with simultaneous vertical measurements of a tethered balloon and horizontal and vertical measurements of a fixed-wing drone in addition to the existing continuously measuring ground-based observatories at Ny-Alesund and the Zeppelin Mountain. Measurements are planned for the transition time from the Arctic haze season in spring with predominantly remote transport to local aerosol formation in summer. The drone and the tethered balloon are equipped with similar aerosol instrumentation: The key instruments are two condensation particle counters of different lower detection threshold operated in parallel on each measurement platform to identify very small particles in the size range of 3-20 nm, which are an indicator of new particle formation. A new light-weight aerosol size spectrometer will be implemented to the balloon system for this campaign for the first time and measure the aerosol size distribution between 8 and 300 nm. In addition, sensors for larger aerosol particles are implemented to study the formation of new particles in dependence on pre-existing aerosol concentrations and the contribution of long-range transport of anthropogenic pollution. Temperature and humidity are recorded with high temporal resolution to investigate atmospheric stability and mixing. The three-dimensional wind vector is also measured, as the local wind field is strongly influenced by local orography. The small scale-variability of thermodynamic conditions is expected to have a significant influence on the formation and growth of new, small aerosol particles. All these in-situ data from vertical and horizontal measurements will be analysed afterwards in cooperation with partners, who operate complementary measurement systems in Ny-Alesund, on Zeppelin Mountain and other Arctic sites. The results will lead to a better understanding of the small-scale distribution of aerosol particles, their formation, growth and vertical transport processes.