Basic researches on morphological analysis of ostracods using pattern recognition by a computer and its application on taxonomy.

眼结节、感觉或分泌物毛孔、铰链、肌肉疤痕以及甲壳上的各种装饰的微结构，可作为介形类分类的基本标准，因为它们具有功能意义。本研究的目的是：1)阐明这些结构的生物学意义；2)根据这些形态成分的功能，通过计算机对其进行模式识别，建立一个新的分类；3)应用这种分类来阐明介形类的物种形成机制。LUZEX II(一种新的计算机系统)是为形态分析而开发的。以变质岩中的石英颗粒为实验模型，开展了形态分析的前期工作。以介形类、丝状类和丝状类为材料，对其表面网状结构的粗细程度及气孔的数量和分布格局进行了个体发育研究。研究发现，网纹藻的网格度具有较大的内种变异，且与生长阶段的水温密切相关。在西那尔还发现，毛孔的数量和分布格局在每个物种中都是高度稳定的特征。根据这些特征，对世界各地的化石和现代种进行了重新分类，并对它们之间的系统发育关系进行了讨论。并对中新世至今的物种形成过程进行了阐述。其中一些成果已经发表在研究论文中，另一些正在准备发表。

Microstructures of eye tubercles, sensory or secretion pores, hinges, muscle scars, as well as various ornamentations on the carapace, can be used as basic criteria for classification of ostracods because of their functional significance. The purpose of this study is: 1) to clarify the biological significance of these structures; 2) to establish a new classification of ostracods based on the functions of these morphological elements evaluated by pattern recognition of them by a computer; 3) to apply this classification to elucidate the mechanism of speciation of ostracods.This research was carried out in the following sequence.1. LUZEX II (a new computer system) was developed for morphological analysis.2. Preparatory works for morphological analysis was carried out using quartz particles into metamorphic rocks as experimental models.3. The degree of coarseness/fineness of surface reticulation and the number and distribution pattern of the pores were examined ontogenetically using the ostracod genera Cythere and Cytheromorpha.(1). It was found that Cytheromorpha has a wide inner-specific variation in the degree of reticulation, and it is closely related to the water temperature at growing stages.(2). It was also found in Cythere that the number and distribution pattern of the pores are highly stable characters within each species.4. These characters were used as the basis for re-classification of both fossil and Recent species belonging to these genera from all over the world, and the phylogenetic relations among these species were also discussed. Five lineages within genus Cythere were recognized, and the processes of speciation from the Miocene to the present were elucidated. Some of these results have already been published in research papers, and others are being prepared for publication.