An Economic Approach to Public and Private Pensions

我们的研究项目回顾了公共养老金和私人养老金的主要作用，探讨了外包的可能性，并讨论了日本发展私人养老金的一些政策考虑。主要观点如下：a.公共养老金和私人养老金在确保退休后的收入方面发挥着不同的作用。应该将它们结合起来，以便各自的优点得到体现，同时将它们的缺点减少到最小。外包很可能不会成功，因为选择方案将有利于外包养老基金，同时对公共养老金造成财务损害。为了在日本发展私人养老金，有必要对私人养老金的缴费实行减税。对日本未来人口的新估计(1986年8月的估计)预计65岁以后的退休年限将进一步增加约20%，迫使公共养老金的缴费进一步增加。养老金政策应以老年人的经济地位为基础，老年人现在和将来的生活条件多种多样。

Reviewing main roles of public snd private pensions, our research project has investigated possibilities of the contracting-out, and has discussed some policy considerations for developing private pensions in Japan. Main points are as follows:a. Public and private pensions have different roles in securing income after retirement. They should be combined for their respective merits to make out, while their drawbacks to be minimized.b. The contracting-out will be probably unsuccessful, since options will favor the contracting-out pension funds, while giving financial damage to public pensions.c. In order to develop private pensions in Japan, it is necessary to introduce tax deductions in contributing private pensions.d. The new estimate of future populations in Japan (the August 1986 estimate) expects about further 20% increase of retirement years after age 65, forcing further equivalent increase of contributions of public pensions.e. Pension policies should be based on the economic status of old people, who are and will be in wide variety of living conditions.