Reproductions and Anaylses of the Old Phonograph and Pbotograph Materials on the Ethnic Groups in Japan, Formosa, and the Philippines

该项目有两个目标：（1）开发新的光学仪器，用于再现旧蜡唱片和金属唱片的声音;（2）鉴定和分析这些唱片和唱片中记录的内容，以及旧电影胶片和照片中记录的内容。此外，非接触式激光束反射法和非接触式激光束衍射法是新开发的，分别从旧蜡筒和旧磁盘记录再现声音。本文研究了如何消除重放声音中的噪声，所用材料如下：（1）北里武于20世纪20年代初在萨哈林、北海道、琉球、福尔摩沙和菲律宾录制的约240个蜡制唱片筒;（ii）浅井爱琳（Erin Asai）于30年代在福尔摩沙生产的硬橡胶和金属片约160张;在240个蜡筒中，有69个是台湾原住民部落的，54个是菲律宾的，53个是琉球和其他日本方言的，18个是阿伊努人的，1个是Guilyak，还有1个是Orok。尽管这些圆筒保存得相当完好，但事实证明：（1）即使是母语为英语的人也很难捕捉到录制的声音;（2）民族音乐学研究是可能的。一半以上的磁盘记录了福尔摩沙土著民族的歌曲和故事，这些民族在那时已经灭绝，所以这里记录的资料是留给他们的唯一资料。许多复制的影片经鉴定也是已灭绝的汉化土著民族和海南岛黎族的，对该地区的民族学研究具有重要价值。

The project has twofold objects: (1) to develop new optical instruments for reproducing the sound from old wax phonograph cylinders and metalic disks, and (2) to indentify and analyze the contents recorded in those cylinders/records as well as those in old movie films and photographs.The contacting stylus instruments were constructed to reproduce the sound from old wax phonograph cylinders and old disk records. Also, the noncontacting laser-beam reflection method and the noncontacting laser-beam diffraction method were newly developed to reproduce the sounds, respectively, from old wax cylinders and old disk records. Removal of the noise from the reproduced sound was investigated.Materials used are as follows: (i) about 240 wax phonograph cylinders recorded by Takeshi Kitasato in early 1920's in Sakhalin, Hokkaido, Ryukyu, Formosa, and the Philippines; (ii) about 160 ebonite and metalic disks produced by Erin Asai in Formosa in 1930's, (iii) 28 movie films and a large quantity of photograph films taken by E. Asai in 1920's to 1930's mostly in Formosa.It was revealed that out of the 240 wax cylinders, 69 are of Formosan nativetribes, 54 of the Philippines, 53 of Ryukyu and other Japanese dialects, 18 of Ainu, one Guilyak, and one of Orok. Although the cylinders have been stored in relatively good shape, it turned out that (1) even a native speaker had a great difficulty in catching the voice recorded; (2) ethnomusicological studies, however, would be possible.More than half of the disks are recorded with songs and stories of the sincized native populations in Formosa, which have become extinct since then, and thus the materials here recorded are the only data left for them. Many films reproduced have been identified that hey are also of the now extinct sinicized native peoples and of the Li in Hainan-tao, and thus will be of great value for the ethnological studies in these areas.