Sexual and Asexual Reproduction-regulating Substances of Microorganisms

本研究取得了以下结果。1.从黑曲霉和绳状青霉中分离到无性产孢物质。分离的化合物在1-5 g/盘的浓度下诱导相应菌丝体中的瓶梗孢子形成。绳状青霉中的化合物是第一个在光刺激真菌孢子发生中起作用的产孢物质.从粪链球菌受体菌株中分离到两种信息素cPD 1和cAD 1，它们分别负责质粒pPD 1和pAD 1从供体菌株向受体菌株的转运，并经结构鉴定，它们是由彼此相似的8个氨基酸组成的多肽化合物.从<sk1><sk2><sk3><se>克鲁维酵母（Saccharomyces Kluyveri）和克鲁维酵母（S. exiguus分别作为诱导性聚集的物质。啤酒。这些信息素的结构确定为由13个氨基酸组成的肽类化合物，其序列彼此相似.从裂褶菌（Schizophyllum commune）菌丝体中分离到几种能促进子实体形成的多糖。活性所需的基本结构是N-酰基鞘氨醇部分，其C_8-双键和C_9-甲基具有Z-构型。6-发现甲基嘌呤是一种抑制生孢子器形成的抑制剂。还从一种植物的果实中分离出了一种抑制剂，Heracetylanatum;它只在真菌的光照射下才有活性，其结构经化学鉴定为bergapten。发现宫城旋孢菌（Cochliobolus miyabeanus）的brm突变体在植物病原真菌黑色素生物合成中缺乏将1，3，8-三羟基萘转化为弗美尔酮的酶。

The following results were obtained in the present researchs. 1. Asexual sporogenic substances were isolated from Aspergillus oryzae and Penicillium funiculosum. The isolated compounds induced phialospore formation in respective mycelial hyphae at concentrations of 1-5 g/disc. The compound from p. funiculosum is the first sporogenic substance acting in a light-stimulated sporogenesis of fungi.2. Two kinds of the pheromones, cPD1 and cAD1, which were responsible for a transport of respective plasmids pPD1 or pAD1 from the donor to the recipient strains of Streptococcus faecalis were isolated from the recipient strains, and their structures elucidated to be the peptidic compounds composed of similar eight amino acids to each other.3. Three pheromones ^<sk1>, ^<sk2> and ^<sk3>, and one pheromone ^<se> were isolated from Saccharomyces Kluyveri and S. exiguus, respectively, as the sexual aggregation-inducing substances in S. cerevisiae. The structures of these pheromones were determined as the peptidic compounds composed of thirteen amino acids, whose sequences are similar to each other.4. Several cerebrosides that stimulate fruiting body formation were isolated from the mycelia of Schizophyllum commune. The essential structure required for activity was shown to be the N-acylsphingoide moiety having the Z-configuration at C_8-double bond and C_9-methyl group.5. 6-Methylpurine was found to be an inhibitor of pycnidium formation in Macrophora Kuwatsukai. An inhibitor was also isolated from the fruits of a plant, Heracleum lanatum; it was active only under light irradiation of the fungus, and the structure was chemically identified as bergapten.6. The brm mutant of Cochliobolus miyabeanus was found to lack the enzyme converting 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene to vermelone in the biosynthesis of melanin in phytopathogenic fungi.