Characterisation and Treatment of Reverse Osmosis Concentrates from Water Recycling Applications

反渗透（RO）的浓缩物对环境和反渗透技术的成功实施都构成了相当大的威胁。自然地，浓缩物包含RO保留的所有物质，因此包含污染物，例如病毒、有机物（例如药物活性化合物和激素）以及营养物和盐度。对这些废物流的处理将加强接收水体的健康，并减少如果废物被回收到废水处理厂，污染物增加的风险。将探索处理这些污染物的新方法，在更广泛的水循环和可持续性框架内评估效率和成本。

Concentrates from reverse osmosis (RO) pose a considerable threat to both the environment but also the successful implementation of reverse osmosis as a technology. Naturally, the concentrate contains everything that the RO retains and hence contaminants such as viruses, organics such as pharmaceutically active compounds and hormones as well as nutrients and salinity. Treatment of such waste streams will enhance the health of receiving water bodies and reduce the risk of increased build up of contaminants if wastes are recycled into wastewater treatment plants. New ways to treat such contaminants will be explored, the efficiency and cost evaluated in the broader water cycle and sustainability framework.