Comparative Political Studies on Party Factions

虽然政党派别一直被视为日本政治的一个重要因素，但对其性质、结构或政治功能还没有进行充分、系统的研究。造成这种情况的部分原因实际上可以找到，不仅是政党派系本身被认为是前现代社会结构的副产品，而且从竞争的两党制在大多数西方民主观念中是自然和适当的角度来看，派系政治一直被视为政党制度的病态现象。随着对非西方国家政党政治认识的增加和英美民主的替代模式的出现，阻碍各党派研究的因素逐渐淡化。在这样一个较好的学科条件下，我们的合作研究试图通过对重要案例的探讨来盘点关于派系或政党派别的命题，如…一些国家的更多研究成果，将社会学或文化人类学等邻近学科的关键理论成果应用于政党派系，并建立关于派系结构和功能的中观理论。更具体地说，本研究旨在将政党派别作为政治过程中的一个重要自变量，而不是作为一个因变量来进行研究。鉴于历史因素和社会结构因素在政治派别形成中的重要性，我们试图尽可能多地收集经验数据，对它们进行比较，并在数据的基础上使派系的重要概念具有合理性。另一方面，我们试图通过政党与主导政党制度和裙带主义的关系来探讨政党的结构和功能模式。最后，我们选取了日本的政党制度和政治过程作为分析现场，我们应该将前述研究的结果应用于此。较少

While party faction has been regarded as an important factor to refer to Japanese politics, its nature,structure or political function has not been fully and systematically studied. Parts of the reason to this situation can be actually be found in the fact that not only party factions but factions themselves have been considered to be by-products of premodern social structure and the fact that faction politics has been seen as pathological phenomenon of the party system from the perspective that competitive two-party system is natural and proper in most Western conceptions of democracy. As knowledge on party politics in non-Western countries has been increasing and some alternative models to angro-american democracy have been developed, obstructing factors for studying all party factions become attenuated.Under such a better disciplinary condition, out co-operative research seeked to draw an inventory of propositions on factionalism or party factions by inquiring into important case st … More udies of some countries, to apply critical theoretical fruits drwan from neighboring disciplines like sociology or cultural anthropology to political party factions and to build middle-range theories on the structure and function of factions. More concretely speaking, this research aimed to study party faction comparatively not as an dependent variable but as an important independent variable in the political processes.As we regarded historical factors and socio structural factors as important in the formation of political factions to ask fheir structures and functions, we tried to collect empirical data as much as possible, to compare them each other and to make important concepts of factions oprational on the basis of data. On the other hand, we seeked to inquire into the pattern of party faction's structure and function by focusing on its relation to predominant party system and clientelism. Finally we picked up japanese party system and political process as analytical sites to which we should apply our findings from foregoing studies. Less