Geoecological and socio-structural changes of rural village areas brought about by the settlement-removal schemes

1)本项目旨在分析主要因自然灾害或区域发展项目而实施的移民搬迁计划所带来的农村地区的地质生态和社会结构变化。在特别考虑其对人口稀少的外围地区的重组意义的情况下。2)调查区域分为四个区域；即(a)长野县中川村和(b)熊本县姬户町，在洪水灾害后执行了移民搬迁计划；(c)神奈川县山田町和(d)广岛县米拉斯町，由于水资源开发项目，正在执行类似的计划。3)通过实地摄影和实地考察，绘制了调查区不同阶段的地质生态图和土地利用图，并通过文献资料和对相关村民的访谈，调查了调查区村庄社区社会结构的变化过程。4)调查的主要结果如下：(a) 1961年严重水灾后的特别政府援助和补贴使这里得以成功地实施迁居计划，尽管在被遗弃的村庄周围，荒凉的地质生态情况似乎变得严重。(b)在1972年水灾后，由于将一部分填海的海岸作为另一个居住区，以及政府对1970年以后的稻米管制政策的补偿，使村庄搬迁成为可能。(c)这里的大坝工程成功地使村庄脱离了水，这主要是由于村民的不断努力，他们的要求不是集中在现金补偿上，而是集中在生命补偿上，即保障居住、就业、社区生活等。(d)这里也在进行类似的进程。虽然1972年的洪涝灾害和1974年开始的水资源开发项目区政府专项补贴制度促使村民将诉求的方向转向重建自己的社区生活和身份认同。少

1) This project aims at an analysis of the geoecological and socio-structural changes of rural village areas brought about by the settlement-removal schemes, which were carried out mainly on account of natural disasters or regional development projects. Under special consideration of its significance for the reorganization of the depopulated peripheral regions.2) Survey areas are placed in four areas; i.e.,(a) Nakagawa-Mura,Nagano-Ken, and (b) Himedo-Cho, Kumamoto-Ken, where settlement-removal schemes were carried out after flood disasters, and (c) Yamakita-Cho, Kanagawa-Ken, and (d) Miraska-Cho, Hiroshima-Ken, where similar schemes are being carried out on account of water resources development projects.3) In the survey areas, the geoecological and landuse maps of different stages were made by means of areal photographs and field works, and the process of changing social structure of village communities of the respective areas were investigated by the documents, data and interviews wi … More th related villagers.4) Main results of the survey are as follows; (a) Special government aids and subsidies after the severe flood disaster of 1961 enabled here a successful settlement-removal scheme, although desolated geoecological situations seem to become serious around the abandoned village site. (b) Village removal after the flood damage of 1972 became possible by a part of the reclaimed sea coast as an alternative residence quarter and also by the government compensation for the rice-regulation policy after 1970.(c) removal of the village under water by the dam-construction project was successfully carried out here, mainly because of the continuous endeavour of the villagers, whose requests were focussed, not on the cash-compensation, but on the life-compensation, namely the guarantee of residence, employment, community life, etc. (d) Similar process is also here going on, although the flood damage of 1972 and the special government subsidy system for the water resources development project areas started in 1974 have motivated for the villagers in turning the direction of their requests towards the reconstruction of their own community life and their identity. Less