Study on the deterioration of ecological environment in mountainous disaster areas and on the essential conditions for environmental conservation in their reconstruction processes.

山区灾区生态环境恶化及其重建过程中环境保护的必备条件研究

• 批准号: 04680244
• 负责人: ISHII Motosuke
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: Meiji University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1992 至 1993
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04680244/
• 关键词: Mountain village; Natural disaster; Geoecology; Ground water depletion; Ohno-basin; Ohshika-Mura; Restoration of natural stream; River basin conservation; 福井県大野市; 井戸涸れ; 景観生態係; 景観生態学図; 長野県小渋川流域; 大西山崩壊; 四徳川

1. This project aims at an investigation of deteriorationg ecological environment in mountainous disaster areas and of the essential conditions for environmental conservation measures in their reconstruction processes.2. Survey areas are located in ; a) Ohno-basin, Fukui-Prof., where problems of ground water depletion have very often been broken out recently, and b) Ohshika-Mura, Ina-valley, Nagano-Pref., where active reconstruction works have been going on after the severs flood disasters of 1961.3. In the survey areas, the geo-ecological maps of different stages were produced by means of aerial photographs, official survey materials and field works, and the process of changing environmental and social structures of the respective areas were investigated by the documents and filed observations.4. Main results of this research are as follows ;(1) In Ohno-basin, ground water used to be depleted through excessive pumping up of snow-melting water after heavy snowfall. But, level of ground … More water was usually recovered in summer season, thanks to the infiltration of irrigation water from paddy fields in the basin. Recently, however, ground water shortage occurs even in summer. It coluld be indicated that continuous depletion of ground water in the latest years has benn caused, at least partly, by the decreased infiltration of irrigation water from paddy fields in the catchment areas, where concreted channels and solidified field beds were constructed through the land-melioration works. In order to recover an optimum level of ground water supply in this area, some conservation measures for water supply, such as, restoring natural streams, land use planning after the geoecological considerations, and so on, which are successfully enforced in western Germany.(2) In Ohshika-Mura, many settlements, located in valley bottom and on talus or river terrace, were seriously damaged by land slide and muddy flood folw caused by the torrential rain of June 1961. Flood damages in this area were worsend by the devastation of mountain slopes and river channels during the war time. It can be highly appreciated, that the reconstruction works of the river channels along the damaged valleys were carried out mainly with natural materials instead of steel and concrete. The engineering methods of this type can be appraised as geoecologically effective for the river basin conservation, in view of the fact that the native kinds of vegetation, such as black alder, white birch, etc., have been gradually recovered along the stream channels during the thirty years after the flood damage of 1961. Less

1.本项目的目的是调查山区灾区生态环境恶化的情况以及在重建过程中采取环境保护措施的必要条件.调查区域位于：a）Ohno盆地，Fukui教授，其中地下水枯竭的问题最近经常爆发，以及B）长野县稻谷的大志贺村，在1961年严重的洪水灾害之后，积极的重建工程一直在进行。在调查区域内，通过航空摄影、官方调查资料和野外工作，制作了不同阶段的地质生态图，并通过文献资料和现场观测，研究了相应区域的环境和社会结构变化过程.主要研究结果如下：（1）大野盆地以往在大雪后，由于过度抽取融雪水而导致地下水枯竭。但是，地面水平 ...更多信息 由于流域内稻田灌溉水的渗入，水通常在夏季得到恢复。然而，近年来，即使在夏季也出现地下水短缺。结果表明，近年来地下水的持续枯竭至少部分是由于集水区的稻田灌溉水渗透减少造成的，在这些集水区，通过土地改良工程建造了混凝土渠道和固化的田床。为了恢复该地区最佳的地下水供应水平，在德国西部成功地实施了一些供水保护措施，如恢复天然河流、考虑地质生态因素的土地利用规划等。(2)1961年6月的暴雨造成的滑坡和泥石流，使大志贺村的谷底、岩屑堆或河流阶地上的许多居民点遭到严重破坏。战争期间，这一地区的山坡和河道遭到破坏，洪水造成的损失更大。可以高度赞赏的是，沿着受损山谷的河道重建工程主要是用天然材料而不是钢铁和混凝土进行的。这种类型的工程方法可以被评价为对流域保护具有地质生态学效果，因为当地的植被种类，如黑桤木、白色桦树等，在1961年洪水破坏后的30年里，已沿河道沿着逐渐恢复。少

项目成果

YOKOYAMA,Hideji(横山 秀司): "Die Veranderung des Landscnaftshalts und die Uberschwemmungen im Einzugsgebiet des SAKAI in KANAGAWA-Ken" 経済学論集(The Journal of Economics)宮崎産業経営大学経済学会. 1-1. 139-152 (1992)

横山英二（Hideji Yokoyama）：“Die Veranderung des Landscnaftshalts und die Uberschwemmungen im Einzugsgebiet des SAKAI in KANAGAWA-Ken”《经济学杂志》，宫崎工业管理大学经济学会 1-1（1992 年）。

YOKOYAMA,Hideji: "Die Veraenderung des Landschaftshaushalts und die Ueberschwemmungen im Einzugsgebiet des Flusses SAKAI in Kanagawa-Ken (Praef.)" The Journal of Economics (Miyazaki-Sangyo-Keiei U.). Vol.1-1. 139-152 (1992)

横山秀二：“Die Veraenderung des Landschaftshaushalts und die Ueberschwemmungen im Einzugsgebiet des Flusses SAKAI in Kanakawa-Ken (Praef.)”《经济学杂志》（Miyazaki-Sangyo-Keiei U.）。

ISHII,Motosuke(石井 素介): "Significance of Paddy Rice Farming and Floodplain Land Use for the Environmental Adaptation and Destruction in Japan" 駿台史学(Sundai Historical Review). 87. 1-18 (1993)

ISHII, Motosuke：“水稻种植和洪泛区土地利用对日本环境适应和破坏的意义”Sundai Historical Review，87. 1-18 (1993)。

ISHII,Motosuke: "Strukturwandel der landwirtschaft und die Bedeutung des Nassfeld-Reisanbaus als Form der Umwelterhaltung in Japan" Occasional Papers of the Dept.of Geography, Meiji Univ.No.1. 64-71 (1994)

石井元介：《日本的Strukturwandel der landwirtschaft und die Bedeutung des Nassfeld-Reisanbaus als Form der Umwelterhaltung in Japan》明治大学地理学系临时论文第1号。

ISHII,Motosuke: "Strukturwandel der Landwirtschaft und die Bedeutung des Nassfeld-Reisanbaus als Form der Umwelterhaltung in Japan" Occasional Papers of the Dept.of Geography,Meiji Univ.1. 64-71 (1994)

石井元介：《日本的Strukturwandel der Landwirtschaft und die Bedeutung des Nassfeld-Reisanbaus als Form der Umwelterhaltung in Japan》明治大学地理学系临时论文1。