Geoecological and Socio-Structural Impacts of the Settlement-Removal Schemes Caused by Natural Disasters or Dam-Constructions.

自然灾害或大坝建设引起的定居点迁移计划的地质生态和社会结构影响。

• 批准号: 01580240
• 负责人: ISHII Motosuke
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: Meiji University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1989 至 1990
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01580240/
• 关键词: Natural disaster; Water resources development; Settlement-removal scheme; Geoecological map; River basin conservation; Village-abandonment; Depopulated peripheral area; Village-like community; ダム開発; 土石流; 地域社会; 地生態学; 土地利用; 村落社会; 耕境; 国土保全機能

1. This project aims at an analysis of the geoecological and socio-structural impacts of the settlement-removal schemes, which were carried out mainly on account of natural disasters or dam-constructions in remote rural areas, under special consideration of their significances for resources conservation and revitalization of the depopulated peripheral regions.2. Survey areas are located in ; a) Ina-valley, Nagano-Ken, b) Tadami-valley, Fukushima-Ken, were settlement removal schemes were practiced after flood disasters, and c) Ohno-basin, Fukui-Ken, where similar schemes were practiced in connection with the Kuzuryu-river water resources development projects.3. In the survey areas, geoecological and land use maps of different stages were produced by means of areal photographs and field works, and the process of changing social structure of village communities of the respective areas were investigated by the documents and interviews with related villagers.4. Main results of this research … More are as follows ; (1) Most cases of the settlement-removal schemes in 1960s were practiced just after severe natural disasters. These villages were usually located in remote mountain areas with unfavorable circumstances, such as high altitude, steep slope, heavy snowfall, etc. (2) People of those villages had long kept up their quite stable living by traditional callings, like sericulture, charcoal making, etc. Although the direct causes of the village abandonments were often some sorts of natural disasters, a sharp decline of those traditional callings, during the era of economic expansion in 1960s, should be appreciated as playing a greater roll behind them. (3) We can recognize various forms of reconstruction process of living in the newly settled communities of the removed people, conditioned by physical, socio-economic and administrative circumstances of the surrounding areas. However, the possibilities of maintaining human relations as a village-like community, for instance, the group-colonization system, the organization of same-villager community, and so on, are very important for the successful settling down of the removed people. (4) Since 1970s, even in the remote rural areas, the grade of village-isolation has been generally diminished, through the improved transport facilities, the increasing motorization tendencies and the extending local labor markets, and, consequently, the number of settlement-removal cases has remarkably decreased. (5) Nevertheless, in the once abandoned former village areas, a tendency of deteriorating geoecological environments has been accelerated through the extremely intensified managements of forests and streams, bringing as a consequence the total river basin conservation in danger. (6) Thus, the multiple impacts of the settlement-removal schemes upon local communities and their geoecological circumstances can be recognized as giving us many important suggestions for the future conservation problems of our national land. Less

1. 本项目旨在分析主要因偏远农村地区自然灾害或水坝建设而实施的定居点迁移计划对地质生态和社会结构的影响，并特别考虑其对资源保护和人口稀少的周边地区振兴的意义。 2．调查区域位于 ； a) 长野县伊那谷，b) 福岛县只见谷是洪水灾害后实施的定居点清除计划，c) 福井县大野盆地，在九头龙河水资源开发项目中实施了类似的计划。 3．在调查区域，通过实地摄影和实地考察的方式绘制了不同阶段的地质生态和土地利用图，并通过文献资料和相关村民访谈的方式调查了各区域村庄社区社会结构的变化过程。 4．本研究的主要结果如下： (1) 20世纪60年代的定居点迁移计划大多数是在严重自然灾害之后实施的。这些村庄通常地处偏远山区，海拔高、坡度陡、降雪量大等不利条件。（2）这些村庄的人们长期以来靠养蚕、制炭等传统业态维持着相当稳定的生活。虽然村庄废弃的直接原因往往是某种自然灾害，但这些传统业态的急剧衰落，在20世纪60年代经济扩张的时代，应该被视为发挥了更大的作用。 他们。 （3）我们可以根据周边地区的自然、社会经济和行政情况，认识到移民新定居社区的各种形式的生活重建过程。然而，村落社区维持人际关系的可能性，例如群体聚居制度、同村社区的组织等，对于移民的成功定居非常重要。 （4）20世纪70年代以来，即使在边远农村地区，由于交通设施的改善、机动化趋势的增强以及当地劳动力市场的扩大，村庄隔离程度普遍降低，拆迁案件数量明显减少。 （5）然而，在曾经废弃的村落地区，由于对森林和溪流的过度强化管理，加速了地质生态环境的恶化趋势，从而使整个流域的保护面临危险。 (6) 因此，定居点搬迁方案对当地社区及其地质生态环境的多重影响可以为我们今后国土保护问题提供许多重要建议。较少的

项目成果

石井 素介: "西ドイツの農業政策における「環境」視点導入の意義 ー農村整備計画を中心にー" 明大人文科学研究所紀要. 別冊10号. 1-11 (1990)

Mosuke Ishii：“在西德农业政策中引入‘环境’观点的意义 - 关注农村发展计划 -”明治大学人文科学研究所特刊第 10. 1-11 期（1990 年）。

ISHII, Motosuke: "A humanity-oriented approach toward theoretical conceptions of the natural resources conservation." Kokumin-Keizai Zasshi. Vol. 160, No. 4. 1-17 (1989)

ISHII，Motosuke：“以人为本的方法来实现自然资源保护的理论概念。”

ISHII,Motosuke: ":Significance of Paddy rice Farming and Floodplain Land Use for the Environmental Adaptation and Destruction in Japan," Muenstersche Geographische Arbeiten(West Germany). 28. 11-17 (1990)

ISHII，Motosuke：“：水稻种植和洪泛区土地利用对日本环境适应和破坏的意义”，Muenstersche Geographische Arbeiten（西德）。

KUBOTA, Yoshiki: "Conditions for the development of dairy farming in marginal areas." Memoirs of the Inst. of Social Sciences, Meiji Univ.Vol. 28, No. 2. 79-100 (1990)

KUBOTA, Yoshiki：“边缘地区奶牛养殖的发展条件。”

石井素介: "資源論への一つの基礎視角" 国民経済雑誌(神戸大学). 160. 1-17 (1989)

石井茂介：《资源论的一个基本观点》国民经济杂志（神户大学）160. 1-17（1989）。