Medieval Metal Work Artists and Their Specialties(centering around forged works)

与铸造金属制品不同的是，已知的锻造和雕刻金属制品很少是由特定的铁匠制造的。虽然铸造工人总是自称是铸造者，但锻造者和雕刻师使用各种名称来称呼他们的职业，例如，在Fujiwara Aknihira写的《Shin Sarugaku-ki》中，提到了“黑铁匠”(铜匠)、“Ginzaiku”(银匠)、“kazarishi”(装饰料)、“choko”(雕刻师)、“Sharitoshi”(Sarira棺材匠)、“doko”(铜匠)和“Saiku”(工匠)。在藤原写的“Shin Sarugaku-ki”中，提到了“黑铁匠、创始人、银匠和金匠”。这表明除了铁匠和创建者之外，还有其他的金属作品艺术家。“Dozaiku”和“Ginzaiku”显然属于这一类。“Dozaiku”这个名字的使用者的作品包括大阪Sefuku-ji的银质经盒，最早的日期为1139年，Saidai-ji的Sarira棺材，Nara的日期为1270年，Tochigi的Futarasan Junca的Mikoshi(便携式神殿)，日期为1389年，这表明这个名字是从平安到室町时期使用的。Kazarishi通常被认为是出现在江户时代，专门制作链子和发夹等微小作品。然而，Kazarishi被认为是从平安到室町时期使用的在1414年的赛代二世萨里拉棺材上发现的“kazariya”一词揭示了这个名字的起源可以追溯到室町时期。值得注意的是，尽管江户时代的铁器是由胜石制作的，但富田三神社实例上的金属配件的制造者似乎自称多扎伊库，暗指从多彩派生出来的石器。此外，还有一群人被认为是专门制作佛像木雕装饰品的人，他们的技术与石器相同。据推测，石器人在开始在寺庙以外的其他地方工作时使用了石器这个名字。

Unlike cast metal works,there are few forged and engraved metal pieces known to have been made by specific smiths.While casters always called themselves casters,forgers and engravers used various names to call their professions,such as"dozaiku"(copper smith),"ginzaiku"(silver smith), "kazarishi"(decoration mater,)"choko"(engraver),"sharitoshi"(sarira casket maker),"doko"(copper smith)and"saiku"(craftsman).In"Shin Sarugaku-ki"written by Fujiwara no Aknihira is a mention of"black smith, founder and silver and gold smiths",suggesting there were metal work artists other than iron forgers and founders."Dozaiku"and"ginzaiku" apparently belong in this group.The works by the users of the name "dozaiku"include a silver sutra case of Sefuku-ji,Osaka with the earliest date of 1139,sarira casket of Saidai-ji,Nara dated 1270 and mikoshi (portable shrine)of Futarasan Jinja,Tochigi dated 1389,indicating the name was used from the Heian to Muromachi Periods.Kazarishi is generally considered to have been emerged in the Edo Period and specialized in minute works such as chain and hair pin.However,the discovery of the word "kazariya"in the inscription on the Saidai-ji sarira casket dated 1414 revealed the origin of the name can be traced back to the Muromachi Period. It is notable that while metal fittings on mikoshi were made by kazarishi in the Edo Period,the maker of those on the example at Futarasan Jinja seems to have called himself dozaiku,implaying kazarishi derived from dozaiku.Further,there are a group called"kazaribusshi"who are considered to have been specialized in the ornaments for wood statues of Buddhist deities with techniques commpon to kazarishi.It is presumed that kazaribusshi used the name kazarishi when they started to work at other places than temples.