Breaking bud dormancy in grapevines with some allium plants, and their effective components

本研究的目的是确定大蒜等几种大蒜植物对葡萄萌发的影响及其打破休眠的有效成分。在许多葡萄品种上，用蒜汁涂抹甘蔗茎段比用氰胺钙和美德溶液(叶面喷施)更能促进甘蔗萌芽。大蒜的蒸汽法也得到了同样的结果。在藤条和大蒜上涂抹和/或蒸汽法与其他一些大蒜植物促进萌芽。大蒜中含有大量的挥发性物质，如二烯丙基一硫、二烯丙基二硫、二烯丙基三硫、二烯丙基四硫等。大蒜中主要含硫化合物为二烯丙基二硫和二烯丙基三硫。中国的香葱和萝卜也含有许多含硫化合物，但它们无法识别。当几种含硫化合物涂抹在甘蔗节段上时，二甲基二硫化物、二烯丙基三硫化物和二烯丙基二硫化物促进了萌发。而在蒸汽法中，二烯丙基三硫化物和二烯丙基二硫化物对萌发有显著影响。从这些结果来看，大蒜中有效的破碎成分似乎是二烯丙基二硫和二烯丙基三硫，它们是挥发性的含硫化合物。然而，香葱和乐果植株中的有效成分尚不清楚。经这些物质处理的甘蔗插条中细胞分裂素的含量高于未处理的甘蔗，但在花蕾中的氧气消耗和乙醇含量以及甘蔗中的ABA含量方面没有观察到任何差异。

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of several allium plants including garlic on budbreak of grapevines, and their effective components for breaking dormancy. Some physiological changes in the cuttings treated with sprouting-promoter were also investigated.In many vine cultivars, budbreak was more promoted in painting with garlic juice on the cane sections than in ones with calcium cyanamide and merit solution(foliar applicator) on the canes. Same results were also obtained for vapor method of garlic. Painting and/or vapor method with some other allium plants on vines as well as garlic promoted budbreak. Etiolated Chinese chive and rakkyo plants in particular showed a significant effect on budbreak.Many volatile substances, such as diallyl monosulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, diallyl tetrasulfide, etc., were contained in garlic. Diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide were predominant sulfur-containing compounds in the garlic. Chinese chive and rakkyo plants also contained many sulfur-containing compounds, but they could not identify. When several sulfurcontaining compounds were painted on the cane sections, budbreak was promoted in dimethyll disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, and diallyl disulfide. Whereas in the vapor method with them, diallyl trisulfide and diallyl disulfide showed a significant effect on budbreak. From these results, it seems that the effective components for breaking contained in garlic are diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide which is volatile sulfur-containing compounds. However, the effective components in Chinese chive and rakkyo plants could not clear.The cytokinin content in the cuttings was larger in the canes treated with these substances than in untreated ones, but any difference in O_2 consumption and ethanol content in the buds, and ABA content in the canes between the plots was not observed.