PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION FROM MINUTE BLOODSTAINS BY DOT ELISA TECHNIQUES

我们设计了一些方法，使用斑点酶联免疫吸附试验技术来获取有用的信息，以从血迹中进行个人识别。用抗人血清白蛋白(ANIT-ALB)单抗进行斑点酶联免疫吸附试验(Dot-ELISA法)鉴定人血痕，灵敏度高，与新世猕猴及非灵长类动物红胸金丝猴无交叉反应。用抗人免疫球蛋白-kappa链(抗-IgK)的方法不如用抗-ALB的方法灵敏，但特异性更高，与除黑猩猩以外的灵长类动物无交叉反应。结论：1.我们的抗-ALB和抗-IgK方法在法医实践中具有一定的实用价值。为了鉴别成人和胎儿/新生儿的血痕，我们尝试用抗人IgA和抗人AFP的单抗，用斑点酶联免疫吸附试验(Dot-ELISA)从同一血痕提取液中检测IgA和AFP。通过这种方法，我们能够区分胎儿/新生儿的血迹和成人的血迹，直到染色准备一年后。利用这种方法，可以很容易地将AFP水平升高的病理成人(如肝癌患者)的血迹与胎儿/新生儿的血迹区分开来。用抗-A、抗-B和抗-H的单抗进行斑点ELISA法检测血痕的ABO血型是可行的，并提出了斑点ELISA法检测血痕MN血型的可能性。

We have devised some methods using a dot ELISA technique to obtain-informations useful for the personal identification from bloodstains.1. In the identification of human bloodstains by dot ELISA methods using monoclonal antibodies against human serum proteins, the method using anti-human albumin (anit-ALB) was very sensitive and did not show cross-reaction with red-chested tamarin, one of new world monkeys, and non-primate animals. The method using anti-human immunoglobulin kappa chain (anti-Igk) was not so sensitive as the method using anti-ALB but the specificity was more improved and did not show any cross-reaction with primates other than chimpanzee. Our methods using anti-ALB and anti-Igk would be useful in forensic practice.2. For the discrimination between adult and fetal/neonatal bloodstains, we tried to detect IgA and AFP from the same bloodstain extract by the dot ELISA method using monoclonal antihuman IgA and anti-human AFP. By this method, we were able to discriminate fetal/neonatal bloodstains from adult ones until one year after the stain preparation. Using this method, bloodstains from pathologic adults with increased blood AFP level such as patients with hepatoma could be easily discriminated from fetal/neonatal bloodstains.3. ABO blood grouping from bloodstains was possible by the dot ELISA using monoclonal anti-A, Anti-B and anti-H, and the possibility of MN blood typing from bloodstains by the dot ELISA have been suggested.