A Study of Historical Geography on the Prevalence of Rinderpest during the Meiji Era

在明治时期，牛瘟的流行基本上是从朝鲜半岛传入的。在日本西部很常见，因此整个日本共有8万头牛死亡或被杀。牛瘟病菌的传播不仅依赖于现有的工牛销售渠道，而且还依赖于城市地区新开发的奶牛和肉牛销售渠道。预防牛瘟有两种方法。一个是无论是否携带牛瘟，都要在港口对进口的韩国牛进行检疫，另一个是在地方层面防止牛瘟在国内传播。从长远来看，明治政府通过吞并朝鲜（1910年）成功地完成了海上检疫制度，完善了两步检疫程序，并完成了内陆前线警戒线。这些牛瘟的入侵频繁发生，给日本各地的牛销售渠道造成了巨大的破坏。明治末年，由于《动物检疫条例》（1906年）的制定以及《屠宰法》（1906年）和《牲畜买卖法》（1911年）的实施，家畜买卖制度得到了新的发展。

During the Meiji Era, the prevalence of rinderpest which basically entered from the Korea Peninsula. was common in western Japan and conseqently a total of 80,000 cattle died or were killed throughout Japan.The spread of rinderpest germs depended on the existing channel for marketing working cattle and, in addition, on the newly developed channels for marketing dairy cows and beef cattle in the urban areas.There were two ways of preventing rinderpest. One was to quarantine the imported Korean cattle at the maritime ports whether they carried rinderpest or not, and the other was to prevent its spread domestically at the local level.In the long run, the Meiji goverment sucessfully completed the system of maritime quarantine by means of the annexation of Korea to Japan(1910) which allowed perfection of a two-step quarantine process and commpletion of the inland front cordon.These invasions of rinderpest frequently happened and caused huge damage to the marketing channels for cattle throughout Japan. At the end of the Meiji Era, the system of marketing livestock was newly developed because of the establishment of the animal quarantine rule (1906) and moreover the execution of the slaughter act(1906) and livestock marketing act (1911).