Comprehensive Survey of Gandhara Buddhist Monument.

本次调查旨在完成1984年和‘86年拉尼加特遗址中心的发掘，是在0ct之间完成的。5和1989年12月11日，出土约3000平方米；主斯塔地区北半部南海沟南端有一个大厅，西海沟延伸部分，西南地区，西山，南部地区周围有石窟。此次各区域的挖掘工作已基本结束，整个建筑可以清理完毕。1990年，对西山和主塔北半部的结构遗迹进行了剩余测量调查，并用CG平面表绘制了结构遗迹分布图。佛塔的建筑风格可分为四类：1)圆形基座，2)无装饰方形基座，3)带柱方形基座，4)装饰带4-5层灰泥的方形基座。从它们的建造时期来看，每一种风格都被证明是按历史顺序发展的。砖石技术也可以分为三种：1)尿布砌块，2)半阿什拉尔，3)阿什拉。值得注意的是，从建筑风格和技术来看，佛教寺庙的结构经历了三种形式的历史发展，即1)佛塔的独立(主塔院的下部)，2)带有围墙和神殿的塔院形式(主塔院的上部)，3)佛塔和巨大的佛坛并存。这些结果将是一份有价值的史料，可以用来研究甘陀罗寺在大乘佛教形成时期的发展。

This survey aimed to complete excavation of the center of Ranigat remains in 1984 & '86, was done between 0ct. 5 and Dec. 11 in 1989, excavating about 3,000 m^2 ; north half part of the Main Stupa Area a hall at south end of the South-Trench, extended part of the West-Trench, the South-west Area, the West Hill, and stone caves surrounding the South Area. Excavation of each area has almost ended this time, and the whole structure could be cleared. In 1990, the rest measuring survey of structural remains of the West Hill and north half of the Main Stupa Area was done, and the distribution map of structural remains was made by CG by CG plain table.Architectural styles of stupa can be divided into four categories ; 1) Round Plinth, 2) Undecorated square plinth, 3) square plinth with column, 4) Square plinth with decorating band of 4-5 layered stucco. Each style proved to have historically developed in order judged from their construction period.Masonry technique can be also divided into three ; 1) Diaper masonry, 2) Semi-ashlar, 3) Ashlar. Each proved to have developed in the same way.It's also remarkable that the structure of Buddhist temple has proven to have historically developed judged from architectural styles and techniques, through three forms, namely 1) Independence of stupa (the lower phase of the Main Stupa Court), 2) Stupa court form with surrounding walls and shrines (the upper phase of the Main Stupa Court), 3) Coexistence of stupa & huge shrine. These results will be a historical material valuable for considering Gandhara temples' development in the formative period of Mahayanist Buddhism.