Study on the oxide superconductors and related materials using mineralogical and crystallographical techniques

矿物学领域的研究人员在结构分析和化学成分分析方面拥有专门的知识和独特的实验技术，用于研究涉及相变、孪生、非化学计量比、调制结构等复杂行为的多组分多相材料。IBIS的合作研究项目是将他们的专门技术和知识应用于氧化物超导体的研究。来自不同研究所的21名研究人员成为该项目的成员，他们合作研究了Y系列和Bi系列超导体。过去三年，他们每年在日本中部筑波地区举行一次为期两天的预定科学会议，并在这次会议期间邀请了几位来自不同科学领域的超导体研究人员。这次会议对收集超导体研究的最新信息，以及讨论成员之间未来的合作研究非常有用。该项目非常成功地鼓励了害羞的矿物学家和结晶学家参与超导研究。合作研究也进行得很顺利。例如，小松在高温显微镜下合成了铋系晶体，并用录像机记录了它们的生长过程。然后，他要求河内使用由河内开发的微束X射线衍射仪来鉴定他的晶体的种类，他还要求Sueno对他的晶体进行包括氧气在内的定量分析。综合这些实验结果，小松报道了一个可靠的铋系相图。该项目还开展了其他有趣的合作研究，并取得了几项重要成果，如高压条件下合成和研制了用于SIMS研究氧在超导体中扩散速率的新型离子枪。

Researchers in the mineralogical fields have specific knowledge and unique experimental techniques on the structure analysis and chemical composition analysis for the study of the multi-components^*multi -phase materials which involves complicated behaviors, such as phase transition, twinning, non-stoichiometry, modulated structure, etc. Ibis cooperative research project is to apply their specific techniques and knowledge on the study of the oxide super-cqnduttors. Total of 21 researchers from different Institutes becomes the member of this project, and they cooperatively studied the Y-series and Bi series superconductors. Last three years, they had two-days scheduled scientific meeting once a year at Tsukuba area, central Japan, and invited several superconductor researchers from different scientific fields during this meeting. This meeting was quite useful for collecting the latest informations on the research of superconductors, and discussing about the future cooperative researches among the members. The project was quite successful for encouraging bashful mineralogist and crystallographer for participating in the superconductor study. Cooperative studies also went nicely. As example, Komatsu has synthesized Bi-series crystals under a high-temperature microscope and recorded their growth process using VTR. Then, he asked Horiuchi to identify the species of his crystals using a micro-beam X-ray diffractometer developed by Horiuchi, and he also asked Sueno to carry out the quantitative analysis including oxygen about his crystals. Putting the results of these experiments together, Komatsu has reported a reliable, phase diagram of Bi-series. The other interesting cooperative study were carried out in this project and obtained several important results, such as, synthesis under high-pressure conditions, and development, of a new ion-gun for SIMS for studying the diffusion rate of oxygen in superconductors.