A Study on the Job Reorganization and Skill Conservation in the Micro-electronics Technological Innovations

在生产过程中引入微电子技术，不仅减少了人为干预，而且减少了工作的分解和重组。然而，熟练的劳动力在创新的过程中仍然起着至关重要的作用，这一点也可以从回放式机器人需要熟练工匠的指导这一事实中得到说明。另一方面，在最近的技术创新过程中，年长的技术工人往往被排除在ME线之外。然而，老年劳动力的利用和激励对于未来的老龄化社会至关重要，有效利用老年熟练劳动力将是企业管理的重要问题之一。本文对ME技术与人类技能保存的关系进行了调查，结果如下：1)仍然有许多部门需要特殊技能：即小规模生产部门，其中ME技术在成本方面具有较小的优势，需要精细工艺的测试制造部门和工具制造部门。即使在人力减少的全自动化部门，熟悉整条生产线和工艺精髓的熟练工人也是不可或缺的。(3)把技术工人集中分配到试制部、机器维修部或允许从事技术工作的特殊生产线或工厂，是保护和再生产特殊技能和技术工人的措施之一。也有人试图记录或拍摄一些行业的熟练工艺。

The introduction of micro-electronic (ME) technology into production processes has brought about not only reduction in human intervention but also breakdown and reorganization of jobs. Nevertheless, skilled labor still plays an essential role in the innovated processes, as well illustrated by the fact that play-back type robots require the instruction given by skilled craftsmen.On the other hand, in the course of recent technological innovation, elder skilled workers have tended to be excluded from the ME lines. However, the utilization and motivation of elder workers will be essential to the future aging society, and the effective utilization of elder skilled labor force will be one of the most important problems for enterprise management.The followings were revealed in our investigation on the relationships between ME technology and human skill conservation.1) There are still many divisions requiring special skills : i. e., divisions for small-scale production in which ME technology has smaller merit in respective of the cost, those for test manufacturing requiring fine crafts and those for tool making.2) Even in fully automated divisions with a reduced man-power, skilled workers who well know whole lines and the essence of the process are indispensable.3) The concentrated allocation of skilled workers to test-manufacturing or machine-maintenance divisions or to special lines or factories permitting skilled works is among the measures for the conservation and reproduction of special skills and skilled workers. There are also attempts to document or film skilled crafts in some industries.