Taxonomic Reassessment of Armillariella Mellea in Japan

为了阐明蜜环菌的分类学，对日本蜜环菌的交配亲和性、形态学、生态学和栽培学特征进行了研究。对61个担子果单孢分离物进行交配试验，结果表明，日本“A.“蜜环菌”由至少6个不育群（分别暂命名为A、B、C、D、E和AM）组成。它们在形态学上是可以相互区分的。担子基部有无钳形连接、盖上鳞片的性质、担子果的习性、环带的性质和盖的颜色是区分不育群的主要形态标志。A、C、AM三组的结果季节、生境、基质等生态特征明显不同。在属于每个组的二倍体分离物的培养物中（在PDA和2%MEA上，在25 ℃下在黑暗中，在30天内），AM组在PDA和MEA上都显示出菌落的特征性大体形态，并且在该特征上容易与其他组区分开。根据形态学和生态学特征，将AM群和C群鉴定为蜜环菌（Armillaria mellea（Vahl：Fr.）库默氏str.和A. ostoyae（Romagnesi）Herink。B群和E群分别为一新种。A组和D组的命名尚不确定，但前者和后者与A组相似。lutea Gillet和A. cepistipes Velenovsky，分别。

Mating intercompatibility and morphological, ecological, and cultural characters were studies on Armillariella mellea (= Armillaria mellea) sensu lato in Japan to clarify its taxonomy. Mating tests with monosporous isolates obtained from 61 basidiocarps showed that the Japanese "A. mellea" is composed of at least six intersterile groups (tentatively designated as A, B, C, D, E, and AM, respectively). They were morphologically distinguishable each other. The presence or absence of clamp-connections at the base of basidium, nature of scales on the pileus, habit of the basidiocarp, nature of the annulus, and color of the pileus were found to be primary significant in separating the intersterile groups morphologically. Ecological characters such as the fruiting season, habitat, and substrate seemed to be distinctive in group A, group C, and group AM. In cultures of diploid isolates belonging to each group (on PDA and 2% MEA, at 25 C in the darkness, in 30 days), group AM showed characteristic gross morphology of colony on both PDA and MEA and were easily distinguished from other groups in this character. Based on morphological and ecological characters, group AM and group C were identified as Armillaria mellea (Vahl : Fr.) Kummer s. str. and A. ostoyae (Romagnesi) Herink, respectively. Group B and group E were considered to be a new species, respectively. Nomenclature of group A and group D remained uncertain, although the former and the latter are similar to A. lutea Gillet and A. cepistipes Velenovsky, respectively.