Wood3Dprint: Additive manufacturing with solid wood filaments for material-efficient lightweight components

对于木材材料，目前只有少数增材制造工艺可商购或正在开发中。目前的技术并不使用原始的实木，而大多是聚合物结合的木粉。然而，这剥夺了木材固有的结构和机械性能以及其特有的美学。这导致在建筑、木材/家具和室内设计或技术应用中的使用非常有限。此外，高比例的聚合物基质与材料的生态潜力相矛盾。因此，Wood 3Dprint研究项目旨在探索使用实木长丝进行增材制造的解决方案策略。在待研究的技术的帮助下，应该可以增材制造二氧化碳中性组件，同时完全保留木材的内部结构。为此，将使用来自木轨或单板条的细丝，并通过使用数字化构造和制造技术并最大限度地减少粘合剂的使用，根据定义的形状进行三维应用。采用精确的定量技术和快速固化策略，确保所用胶粘剂系统的低排放和节约资源。将进行研究，以确定在建筑规模上自由成形的可能性，并通过拓扑优化设计实现高材料效率。虽然大多数增材制造工艺由于花丝层结构而具有较长的加工时间，但Wood 3Dprint将研究是否有可能在短的打印过程中使用木丝生产大规模组件。这将有助于创建基于木材的材料和组件，从而实现生态，可持续的木材结构复杂建筑形式的建设。Wood 3Dprint旨在可扩展，以便该技术适用于室内设计，家具建造或移动领域的轻质建筑应用。

For wood materials, only few additive manufacturing processes are currently commercially available or under development. Current technologies do not use original solid wood, but mostly polymer-bound wood powder. However, this deprives the wood of its inherent structural and mechanical properties as well as its characteristic aesthetics. This results in very limited use for architectural, wood/furniture and interior design or technological applications. Furthermore, the high proportion of polymer matrix contradicts the ecological potential of the material. The Wood3Dprint research project therefore aims to explore solution strategies for additive manufacturing with solid wood filaments. With the help of the technology to be researched, it should be possible to additively manufacture CO2-neutral components while completely preserving the inner structure of the wood. For this purpose, fine filaments from wooden rails or veneer strips will be used and applied three-dimensionally according to a defined shape by using digital construction and manufacturing techniques and minimising the use of adhesives. Precise dosing technologies and strategies for rapid curing are to be used to ensure that the adhesive systems used are low-emission and conserve resources. Research will be carried out to determine the extent to which free shaping on an architectural scale is possible and high material efficiency is achieved through topology-optimised designs. While most additive manufacturing processes have long process times due to the filigree layer structure, Wood3Dprint will investigate whether it is possible to use wood filaments to produce large-scale components in short printing processes. This will enable the creation of wood-based materials and components that enable the ecological, sustainable construction of complex architectural forms in timber construction. Wood3Dprint is intended to be scalable so that the technology is suitable for lightweight construction applications in interior design, furniture construction or the mobility sector.