Effect of Local Anesthetics on Leukocyte Function

本文观察了利多卡因、丙胺卡因、甲哌卡因、普鲁卡因和丁卡因等5种局麻药对人和大鼠白细胞（多形核白细胞和巨噬细胞）产生氧自由基（O_2 -和H_2O_2）及趋化性和吞噬功能的影响。使用调理酵母聚糖（OPZ），佛波醇肉豆蔻酸酯乙酸酯或钙离子载体A23187作为刺激物在微量滴定板中测量氧自由基的产生。以血清或FMLP为趋化剂，采用膜过滤法测定趋化性。通过光学显微镜计数OPZ吞噬细胞来测量吞噬作用。每种局麻药均呈剂量依赖性地抑制人和大鼠白细胞产生O_2 -和H_2O_2，且这种抑制作用是可逆的。不同刺激物对氧自由基的产生能力不同。局部麻醉剂也剂量依赖性地抑制趋化性和吞噬作用。这些结果表明，在牙科治疗中过度使用局部麻醉剂（如拔牙）与术后感染之间存在相关性。

The effects of 5 local anesthetics (lidocaine, prilocaine, mepivacaine, procaine and tetracaine) on the production of oxygen radicals (O_2 - and H_2O_2) together with chemotaxis and phagocytosis of both human and rat leukocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages) were examined. Production of oxygen radicals was measured in microtiter plates using opsonized zymosan (OPZ), phorbol myristate acetate or calcium ionophore A23187 as a stimulant. Chemotaxis was measured by membrane filter method using serum or FMLP as a chemoattractant. Phagocytosis was measured by light microscopic count of OPZ engulfing cells. Each local anesthetic dose-dependently inhibited O_2 - and H_2O_2 production of both human and rat leukocytes and the inhibition was reversible. Stimulants showed different oxygen radical production ability among tree. Local anesthetics also dose-dependently inhibited both chemotaxis and phagocytosis. These results suggest that correlation between overuse of a local anesthetic in dental therapy such as an extraction of a tooth and postoperative infection.