Activation Analysis of Trace Impurities in Metallic Materials for Breeder and Fusion Reactors, and Measurements of Their Specific Activities

近年来，人们对增殖堆和聚变堆最适合材料的发展进行了广泛的基础和应用研究。当然，在这些发展中，必须以新的观点准确地把握由这些材料中的主要元素和次要元素以及微量杂质引起的放射性的实际情况。虽然这类研究一般可以使用先前用仪器方法分析过的材料通过放射性方法进行，但上述含有微量杂质的放射性实际条件只能通过使用内标法和标准添加法作为绝对标准化方法来实现，从而同时得到所有感兴趣元素的浓度和比活度。在目前的研究中,同时测定的具体活动和主要合金元素和杂质的浓度,如钛、铬、C ... 更多o、镍、铜、像、锆、Nb,密苏里州,某人,锡和铅、多种低和高合金钢是由光子活化分析20到30兆电子伏轫致辐射使用上面的绝对的标准化方法,因为上面的样品被迫使用作为增殖和聚变反应堆不可替代的材料,因为光子激活和（n, 2n）快中子反应产生的放射性是一样的。此外，上述样品中产生的特定活性的测量也同样通过使用60和100 MeV轫致辐射进行。在此基础上，计算了每种样品在20、30、60和100 MeV轫致辐射下辐照1000小时所产生的放射性的实际情况，并阐明了每种样品所产生的放射性强度受其主要成分和次要成分的影响较大。另一方面，也采用上述绝对标准化方法，用质子活化法同时测定了B、Dy、Ho、Ce、Tb、Dy、Ho和/或其化合物中作为反应器材料的各种杂质。结果表明，用上述方法测定上述样品中的杂质，不仅能获得满意的结果，而且能满足放射性物质产生的实际情况。少

In recent years, fundamental and applicable studies on the developments of most suitable materials for breeder and fusion reactors have been made extensively. In these developments, as a matter of course, the actual conditions of radioactivation due to the major and minor elements and trace impurities in such materials must be seized accurately under a new viewpoint. Although such studies can generally be performed by radioactivation method using the materials analyzed previously with instrumental methods, the above actual conditions of radioactivation containing trace impurities can be achieved only by the use of the internal standard method coupled with the standard addition method as an absolute standardization method, which is resulted simultaneously in the concentrations and specific activities of all of the interesting elements. In the present studies, simultaneous determination of specific activities and concentrations of major alloying elements and impurities, such as Ti, Cr, C … More o, Ni, Cu, As, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sb, Sn and Pb, in many kinds of low and high alloy-steels were performed by photon activation analysis with 20 and 30 MeV bremsstrahlung using the above absolute standardization method, because the above samples are forced to use as irreplaceable materials for breeder and fusion reactors, and because photon activation produces the same radioactivities as those by (n, 2n) reactions due to fast neutrons. Furthermore, measurements of the specific activities produced in the above samples were also carried out similarly by using 60 and 100 MeV bremsstrahlung. On the basis of the results obtained, the actual conditions of radioactivities produced in each sample irradiated for 1000 hours with 20, 30, 60 and 100 MeV bremsstrahlung were calculated, and it was elucidated that the intensities of radioactivities produced in each sample were greatly affected by its major and minor components. On the other hand, simultaneous determination of a variety of impurities in B, Dy, Ho, Ce, Tb, Dy, Ho and/or their compounds as materials for reactors has also been examined by proton activation using the above absolute standardization method. From the results obtained, it was also proved that determination of the impurities in the above samples not only but the actual conditions of radioactivities produced can be seized satisfactory by the above method. Less