WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR UNIVERSITY FORESTS

最近，在东京大学的千叶森林、千叶森林和其他天然林和人工林中，开展了各种关于林业和森林环境研究的研究和教育项目，梅花鹿等野生动物的数量和分布范围不断增加，对人工林和自然植物群造成了严重的破坏。在研究种群数量和损害增加因素以及环境承载能力的基础上，建立森林和野生动物的综合管理。为了进行这些研究，一个鹿群保护区已经建立起来，用电线把大约40公顷的森林围起来，以保持当地梅花鹿的种群不迁徙，也不受人类的干扰。电力围栏是由太阳能电池产生的，高压脉冲电流会对动物产生强烈的冲击，当它们击中电线时，会使它们远离围栏。本文对千叶大学森林梅花鹿种群数量变化和植被破坏情况进行了三年的调查研究。然而，在千叶森林，它未能成功捕获和标记个体鹿进行遥测研究，而在千叶森林，它意外地成功捕获了熊并进行了个体标记。在包括千叶森林在内的博索半岛南部，县环境厅实施了鹿群管理，通过射杀鹿群来降低鹿群数量，这一方法成本高，需要人力。在波索半岛这样地形复杂的陡峭山林中，块计数法并不适合梅花鹿种群的计数，需要其他方法来准确计数鹿的数量。梅花鹿种群数量的增加和分布范围的扩大也引起了陆地水蛭种群在一些地区的爆发，对居民和游客造成了危害，对此进行了生物学研究，作为可能的控制依据。结论：广域野生动物密度控制应在监测种群数量和危害的基础上进行，局部野生动物密度控制应采取围栏或驱避剂等措施。少

Recently in the Tokyo University Forests at Chiba, Chitibu and others in which natural and man-made forests various research and educational programs have been carried out on forestry and forest environment studies, populations and distribution areas of wildlife such as sika deer have been increasing, and causing severe damages against plantation trees and natural floras. Based on studies on factors of population and damage increase as well as carrying capacities of the environments, integrated forest and wildlife management should be established. For these studies a deer reserve has been settled by fencing some 40 ha forest with electric powered wires to maintain local sika population without migration, nor human disturbances. The power fence is generated by solar battery, and high voltage pulsed current will give strong shock to animals when they hit wire, and keep them away from the fence afterward.In the University Forest at Chiba sika deer population change and plant damages by de … More er in and outside the reserve have been investigated for three years. However, it has not been successful in capturing and marking individual deer for telemetry study at Chiba Forest, it was unexpectedly successful in capturing bears and marking individually at Chitibu Forest.In the southern part of the Boso Peninsula, including Chiba Forest, Prefectural Environment Agency has implemented deer management to lower population level by shooting which costs much and needs man power. Block count was not well fitted for sika population count in such a steep mountainous forest with complicated topography as in the Boso Peninsula, and any other alternatives are needed to count accurate number of deers. Sika deer population increase and expansion of distribution area also have caused outbreak of the land leech population in areas that has caused nuisance to the inhabitant and tourist, of which biology has been studied as a basis for possible control.As a conclusion, in wide area density control of wildlife should be adopted based on proper monitoring of population level and resultant damages, and in local area some suitable measures such as fencing or use of repellents should be adopted additionally. Less