THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ECONOMIC PROPOSALS IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY SCOTLAND AND IRELAND.

面对17世纪20年代末经济发展的失败，在1707年苏格兰与英格兰结盟几十年后，苏格兰经济小册子作者发现他们的同胞太自私、不诚实和懒惰，没有意识到和很好地利用联盟允许他们享受的英国重商制度的优势。因此，他们中的大多数人要求公共当局严格执行英国的法律和法规，以改变他们同胞的性格。然而，尽管一位匿名作者同意这一要求，但他指出，公共当局给予生产者和商人“根据企业情况不时需要的其他适当鼓励的帮助”也是不必要的。值得注意的是，他在区分变革者和变革者的基础上，明确了政策制定者调查“企业情况”的重要性，因为…这更表明，他的追随者们最重要的任务将是向政策制定者提供准确的信息，了解“企业的情况”。事实上，他们做到了，在这样做的过程中，他们极大地提高了自己的经济洞察力和理论，并改变了对人性的看法，以准确地识别“企业的情况”。另一方面，爱尔兰的经济小册子作者仍然坚持，就像一些苏格兰小册子作者在联盟争议时期所做的那样，如果爱尔兰人被允许彻底加入英国的商业体系，爱尔兰和英国都将受益：他们正在考虑通过利用英国来发展爱尔兰的经济。因此，爱尔兰人落后于苏格兰人。这导致了1776年史密斯主义经济理论的诞生和18世纪末苏格兰经济的增长。因此，我们应该对苏格兰经济小册子的发展意义给予更高的重视。较少

Faced with their failure of the economic development in late 1720s,a few decades after the Union of 1707 with England,Scottish economic pamphleteers found their countrymen too self-interested,dishonest and lazy to realize and make good use of the advantages of British mercantile system which the Union had allowed them to enjoy. Therefore,most of them requested the public authorities to put into strict execution the British laws and regulations in order to transform the character of their countrymen. However,though agreeing with this request,an anonymous author went to point out that it was also not dispensable for the public authorities to give the producers and merchants "the help of such other proper encouragements,as the circumstances of the business from time to time required."It is remarkable that on the basis of his distinction of the transforming persons from the transformed,he made clear the importance of policy-makers' inquiring into"the circumstances of the business",because … More this suggested his followers that their most important task would be to give the policy-makers the exact information of what"the circumstances of the business". They,in fact,did it,and in so doing they highly improved their own economic insight and theories and changed their view of human nature to identify "the circumstances of the business"precisely. On the other hand,Irish economic pamphleteers still insisted,just like some of Scottish pamphleteers had done during the period of the Union-controversy,that both Ireland and Britain would be benefited, if Irish people were allowed to join the British mercantile system thoroughly: They were thinking Irish economic development by means of their use of Britain. Thus the Irish were behind the Scottish. This resulted in the birth of Smithian economic theory in 1776 and the Scottish economic growth from late 18th century in Scotland. Therefore,we should put a higher value on the significance of the development of the Scottish economic pamphlets. Less