Study on Colonial Architecture in Asia

目的和术语：本研究旨在阐明亚洲殖民建筑的风格，这些建筑是由欧洲殖民者从16世纪初到19世纪70年代建造的。本研究中的殖民建筑一词仅适用于在特定的殖民氛围和热带或亚热带亚洲气候下形成的某些风格的建筑。这项研究中的亚洲包括印度、马来群岛、中国和日本。欧洲的建筑活动可以从以下几个方面进行论述。(1)商业建筑：工厂、设防工厂。(2)海外聚落、殖民城市与居住风格(3)殖民城市郊域化(4)殖民城市规划：新加坡、游廊、店屋(5)沿海边疆与内陆边疆民居(6)亚洲建筑史发展与现代殖民风格。亚洲殖民建筑的特点是建筑四周都有柱廊，这被欧洲殖民者认为是最适合亚洲热带气候和殖民氛围的建筑。在19世纪70年代和80年代，印度哥特风格仅在孟买盛行，而印度色拉森风格直到20世纪初在广泛的地区更有影响力。进一步研究：本研究是第一次尝试从亚洲人的角度来阐明亚洲殖民建筑。特别是在各殖民风格的结构、平面材料、现代殖民风格的内涵等方面需要进一步研究。

AIM AND TERMINOLOGY : This study is aimed at clarifying the styles of colonial architecture of Asia, which were built by European settlers from the beginning of the 16th century to 1870s. The term of colonial architecture in this study only applies to certain styles of the buildings which were formed in particular colonial atmospheres and tropical or semi-tropical Asian climate. Asia in this study includes India, Malay Archipelago, China and Japan.CONTENTS : The European building activities can be argued in the following aspects.(1) Commercial Buildings : Factory, Fortified Factory.(2) Overseas Settlement, Colonial City and Dwelling Styles(3) Suburbanization from Colonial City(4) Urban Planning of Colonial City : Singapore, Verandah, Shophouse(5) Dwelling House for Costal Frontier and Inland Frontier(6) Development of Asian Architectural History and Modern Colonial StyleCONCLUSION : Colonial architecture of Asia is characterized by the colonnaded verandah surrounding all sides of buildings, which was considered to be the most suitable for Asian tropical climate and colonial atmospheres by the European settlers. The Indo Gothic prevailed in only Bombay during 1870s and 1880s, while the Indian Seracen was more influencial in extensive area until the early 20th century.FURTHER STUDY : This study was the first attempt to clarify Colonial Architecture of Asia from Asian point of view. Further study is needed especially in respect to structure, plan materials of each colonial style, and meaning of modern colonial styles.