Historico-Geographical Research on the Cultural Contacts between South-West Asia and South-Eastern Europe.

西南亚和东南欧从早期起就具有走廊的特征，这两个地区的种族和文化通过这条走廊交叉流动。此外，东南欧曾经被奥斯曼帝国统治了大约200年，这些地区的物质文化仍然可以看到明显的相似性。本文从历史地理学的角度，充分利用文献资料、研究资料、而且我们的主要目标是首先确认土耳其的土耳其元素，然后在东南欧发现并引出这些元素，在面粉加工、纺织生产、灌溉技术、民间服装和器具以及历史悠久的私人住宅方面，这些都是显而易见的。我们的研究小组所覆盖的地区是土耳其、匈牙利、保加利亚和克里特岛。从研究结果来看，一般来说，在东南欧，土耳其元素在南部比较明显，但在北部较少。在保加利亚和克里特岛，土耳其文化元素仍然存在，并且在面粉加工和民间服装和器皿中明显可见，而在匈牙利，土耳其文化元素在哈布斯堡王朝的统治及其文化影响下已经完全消失，那里使用的面粉加工，纺织生产和灌溉技术具有日耳曼性质。我们唯一发现的土耳其自然可能是一个马驱动的诺里亚，水上升轮，但这被称为“保加利亚轮”，以保加利亚命名。著名的风车受雇于克里特岛Lassithi区灌溉，是克里特岛的起源，因为使用风浇水的想法是由一个聪明的克里特岛人在大约100年前开发的。

Both South-west Asia and South-eastern Europe have, from early times, the characteristic of a corridor, through which the races and cultures of these two areas passed cross-currently. And besides, South-eastern Europe having been once ruled for about 200 years by the Ottoman Empire, there can still be seen a notable similarity in the material cultures of those areas. The aim of our present research was to investigate, from the point of view of historical geography, such similarties as was effected by cultural contacts and as might be detected in the fundamental material cultures of these two areas, making full use of literature, research materials, and on-the-spot finds as a clue.We made it our chief objective first to confirm Turkish elements in Turkey and then to discover and educe such elements in South-eastern Europe, discernible in particular in flour-milling, textile-producing, and irrigation techniques and folk garments and utensils, and historic private houses. The areas covered by our research team were Turkey, Hungary, Bulgaria and Crete Island.From the results of the research, it is generally to be said that in South-Eastern Europe Turkish elements are more noticeable in the south, but less in the north. In Bulgaria and Crete Island, Turkish cultural elements subsist and clearly noticeable in flour-milling and in folk garments and utensils, while in Hungary Turkish cultural elements have been completely wiped out under the Habsburg rule and its cultural influence, and flour-milling, textile-producing, and irrigation techniques in use there are rather of Germanic nature. Our single find of Turkish nature might be a horse-driven noria, water-raising wheel, but that was called "Bulgar wheel" named after Bulgaria. Well-known wind-mills employed for irrigation in Lassithi District, Crete Island, are Crete origine because idea to use wind for watering was developed by an ingenious Cretan about 100 years ago.