Scientific Research on Genetic Resources of Major Crops and Developments of their Food Utilizations in South Asia.

我们对尼泊尔和不丹的考察按计划进行了。[日期](研究领域)9月。6 - 7 Tokyo-Bangkok-KathmanduSept。（摄于1991年8-22日）加德满都、博克拉、瑙达拉、昌多拉科特和甘德隆1991年9月22-24日，加德满都24-Oct。1991年10月1日帕罗、廷布、旺地、佛都朗、通沙paro - khathman杜-曼谷-东京研究资料尼泊尔和不丹的水稻遗传资源水稻主要种植在梯田，少量种植在旱田。许多收集到的水稻品种在同工酶基因型方面似乎是粳稻。在不丹的普纳卡山谷，大多是印度人。红米的种皮是红色的，在不丹的帕罗和廷布山谷很常见。人们更喜欢它粘稠的味道。尼泊尔和不丹大麦的遗传资源东方和西方六棱大麦在喜马拉雅地区共存。在尼泊尔种植有盖和裸大麦，而在不丹只种植裸大麦。尼泊尔大麦和不丹大麦同工酶基因型的更多遗传差异表明，不丹大麦是从西藏引进的，尼泊尔裸大麦起源于西藏，而尼泊尔盖大麦来自印度。尼泊尔和不丹荞麦的遗传资源荞麦是喜马拉雅地区非常受欢迎的作物。普通荞麦在形态和等位酶变异方面与南方荞麦没有太大的不同。Ohnishi讨论了普通荞麦和苦荞产于中国南方，并迁移到不丹和尼泊尔。尼泊尔和不丹辣椒的遗传资源古隆人生活在尼泊尔西部的山区。他们种植了几种辣椒。长辣椒常见于海拔1000 - 1500米的地方，樱桃辣椒、锥辣椒和鸟眼辣椒常见于海拔1500 - 2000米的地方。古隆人选择这些辣椒的地方品种作为种植适应。在不丹，辣椒是最重要的栽培植物。与大米。红钟辣椒在海拔1500 -2 500米的不同环境中表现出较大的遗传变异。总之，我们从尼泊尔和不丹的水稻、大麦、荞麦和辣椒以及其他栽培植物中发现了一个有趣的遗传信息。我们将在这些研究数据的基础上，在未来尝试食品材料的新发展。参考资料福田，I.，山本。H. Satowa， T. Konishi和M. Kimata 1983。尼泊尔主要作物种植与利用的科学研究1-102。日本尼泊尔农业考察队。国际学术印刷有限公司。少

Our expedition for Nepal and Bhutan was carried out according schedule.[Date][Research Area]Sept. 6-7 Tokyo-Bangkok-KathmanduSept. 8-22, 1991 Kathmandu, Pokhara, Naudhara, Chandorakot-and GhandrungSept. 22-24, 1991 Kathmandu-ParoSept. 24-Oct. 1, 1991 Paro, Thimphu, Wongdi, Phodorang and TongsaOct. 2-6, 1991 Paro-Khathmandu-Bangkok-TokyoResearch DataGenetic resources of rice in Nepal and BhutanRice plants are grown mostly in terraced paddy fields with a little bit in upland fields. Many of rice varietis collected seems to be japonica in terms of isozyme gentype. Those in Punakha valley in Bhutan are mostly indica. Red rice, whose seed coat is reddish, is frequentl'-y seen in Paro and Thimphu vally in Bhutan. It is preferred by its sticky taste.Genetic resources of barley in Nepal and BhutanThe oriental and occidental types of six-rowed barley coexist in the Himalayan mountain region. Covered and-naked barleys were grown in Nepal, whereas only the naked barley was cultivated in Bhutan. G … More enetic differences in isozyme genotypes between Nepalese and Bhutanese Barley suggest that the Bhutanese barley had introduced from Tibet, and the Nepalese naked barley was originated from Tibet but the Nepalese covered barley is from India.Genetic resources of buckwheat in Nepal and BhutanBuckwheats are very popular crops in the Himalayan region. Common buckwheat does not differ so much in morphology and allozyme variability from that in southern china. Ohnishi discussed that common and'tartary buckwheat were born in -southern China and migrated to Bhutan and Nepal.Genetic resources of chilli in Nepal and BhutanThe Gurung people live the mountain region in the western Nepal. They had cultivated several-kinds of Chilli. Long Chilli Pepper are common in the altitude 1, 000-1, 500m, Cherry Chilli Pepper, Cone Chilli Pepper and Bird's Eye' Chilli are popular in the altitude 1, 500-2, OOOM. The Gurung people selected these landraces of Chilli as a growink adaptation. In Bhutan, Chilli is most important cultivated plants. with rice. Red Bell Chilli shows a large genetic variation according to adapting the altitude 1, 500-2, 500M.In conclusion, we found an interesting genetic' informations from the Nepalese and Bhutanese Rice, Barley, Buchwheat and Chilli, and other cultivated plants. We will try a new development for food materials on the basis of these research data in a future.ReferencesFukuda, I., E. Yamamoto. H. Satowa, T. Konishi, and M. Kimata 1983. Scientific Research on the cultivation and utilization of major crops in Nepal 1-102. The Japanese Expedition of Nepalese Agricultural Research. Internotional Academic Printing Co. Ltd. Less