Comprehensive Studies on conservation of biological diversity at the bioshere reserve area

为了保护生物栖息地保护区的生物多样性，在志贺高地和其他沼泽地区开展了陆地生态系统保护的基础研究，取得了以下成果：1)每月采集大气沉降物，并测定主要化学成分和多环芳烃(PAH)。硫酸根离子的年平均浓度为0.88 mg/L，不到东京扶都市的一半。被认为是化石燃料燃烧来源的9种多环芳烃的总沉降量为4.0~15.1微克/平方米/月。这些值大约是富楚湖的1/3-1/4。2)在清澈的池塘中进行了水质和浮游生物调查。在受污染的池塘里，有Maru-Ike和Biwa-Ike。纳加艾克地表水中的叶绿素a浓度5月为2.7 mg/m^3，8月为13.1 mg/m^3。与Maru-Ike和Biwa-ike相比，在Naga-Ike观察到了大量的浮游植物物种。3)在Otanomosu平原采集了大型土壤动物并进行了分类。与上世纪60年代后期S的IBP结果相比，由于土壤干燥，线虫数量大大减少，这可能是由于通风良好和阳光充足的条件造成的，因为大树被大风吹倒了。4)对福岛县宫户子沼泽的底栖生物多样性进行了研究。共观察到底栖藻类93种，优势种为硅藻。共观察到摇蚊亚科24种，优势种为摇蚊亚科。这些结果表明，该沼泽的性质与沼泽相似。

In order to preserve the biological diversity at bioshere reserve area, fundamental studies on conservation of terrestrial ecosystems were carried out at Shiga Highland and other mire, and the following results were obtained.1) Atmospheric deposition was collected monthly and major chemical components and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) were determined for bulk samples. Mean annual concentration of sulfate ion was 0.88 mg/l, which is below one half of that at Fudhu City, Tokyo. Total deposition of 9 kinds of PAH, which are considered to be of combustion origin of fossil fuel, was 4.0-15.1mug/m^2/month. These values were about 1/3-1/4 of that at Fuchu.2) Investigation of water quality and plankton was carried out in the clear pond. Naga-ike, and in the polluted ponds, Maru-ike and Biwa-ike. Concentrations of chlorophyll a in surface water were 2.7mg/m^3 on May and 13.1mg/m^3 on August at Naga-ike. Large numbers of phytoplankton species were observed in Naga-ike, compared with those in Maru-ike and Biwa-ike.3) Large-sized soil animals were collected and classified at the Otanomosu Plain. Numbers of Enchytraenia decreased greatly on account of dryness of soil, in comparison with resuls of IBP in the latter half of 1960's. This may be caused by well ventilated and sunny conditions, because large trees have blown down by strong wind. However, Grylloblattodea, which inhabit only in the natural forest soil, were collected in the virgin forest of Tsuga and Abies.4) Diversity of benthic organisms was studied in Miyatoko Mire, Fukushima Prefecture. Ninety three species of benthic algae were observed and dominant species were diatoms. Twenty four species of Chironominae were observed and dominant species were Tanypodinae. It was suggested from these results that character of this mire is similar to that of bog.