Progress of Urbanization and Regulation of Water Uses in the Land Improvement District

本研究是从三个案例研究中考虑城市化进程中土地改良区用水管制的各个方面。这三个案例领域的共同点是：1）水资源利用管理往往不太受重视，由于城市化进程中农民兼业的增加和农地的流转，使土地整理的受益面积减少。2）重视土地整理区所具有的环境维护功能。上文提到的两点是，在每个土地改良区，都出现了向公共行政部门（即城市、城镇和乡村）收取官方费用和向非协会成员受益人收取费用的需求。但收费的比例和标准是由城市化的发展程度所决定的，如丰田汽车工厂所在的明治吉水土地改良区。历史和地理条件也是不可忽视的决定因素。在位于排水区的西神原土地改良区，由于排水泵的运行而增加了电力费用，并严格采用市区的官方收费原则。相反，在位于灌溉区的多番土地改良区，通过将灌溉水转移到城市用水和将Tojoko（湖）用于娱乐，尽管非会员使用水路设施要付费。

The present study is the consideration of various aspects of the regulation of water uses in the land improvement district following the progress of urbanization from the three case studies.The common points clarified in these three case areas are :1) Water use management has tended to be less cared for, due to the decrease of the area of benefit by the increase of part-time farmers and the transfer of farm land following urbanization.2) Great importance is attached to the function of maintaining environment which the land improvement district has with it.From the above-mentioned two points, in each land improvement district demand for official charges from public administration (i.e. cities, towns and villages) and for charges from non-association-member beneficiaries has come into being. But the charge proportion and the standard are determined by the developing degree of urbanization as in the case of Meijiyosui Land Improvement District where Toyota Motorcar Factory works. Also the historical and geographical conditions cannot be ignored as determining factors. In Nishikanbara Land Improvement District which lies in the drainage area, expense of electricity has been increased by the operation of the draining pump and the principle of official charge from the urban area has been strictly adopted.Conversely, in Toban Land Improvement District which lies in the irrigation area, vivification of the land improvement district is designed by the transfer of irrigation water to urban water and the use of Tojoko (Lake) for recreation, though non-member charges are paid for the use of waterway facilities.