THE REEVALUATION OF BEN JONSON : FOR THE RESTORATION OF THE ART OF HUMANISM

本研究的目的是从人文主义的角度重新评价本·琼森。琼生在他那个时代被认为是英国文学的典范，但他却失宠了，被莎士比亚取代了。世纪以后，德国浪漫主义的兴起决定性地推动了价值观的转变，从人文主义转向浪漫主义。此后，文学批评界普遍存在着反人文主义的倾向，对琼森的研究也一直没有摆脱“浪漫主义”的偏见，主要依靠莎士比亚研究专家在业余时间阅读和研究琼森。作为规范琼森研究的一种手段，研究者试图重建人文主义的意义，这在这两个世纪中已经无可挽回地磨损了，把它放回原来的背景下，它是作为“共同财产”在整个欧洲的文人之间共享。对琼森的人文价值的重新思考是通过重新审视它是如何在他的作品中成为他的文学经典的核心来完成的，与其他三个科学领域的关系，即，艺术、历史和思想。研究者通过三年的研究得出以下结论：1。琼森不认为其他艺术，无论是绘画、建筑还是音乐，都与他自己的艺术相敌对，而是根据每一种艺术满足他的人文标准的程度来评价它们。他的诗意现实主义与人文主义者特有的态度密切相关，人文主义者习惯于从每一个特定的历史事件中汲取普遍的教训。他的人文主义思想来源于亚里士多德--贺拉斯学派的传统，其文学观是一种实践哲学，其最终目的是通过对公民的教育来建立一个秩序良好的社会。

The purpose of this research is to reevaluate Ben Jonson from the humanistic point of view. Jonson, who had been regarded as the paragon of Engligh literature among the learned people in his own time, fell from grace to be replaced by Shakespeare a century later, the rise of German Romanticism made a decisive push toward shifts in values, from the humanistic to the romantic. Since then the anti-humanistic tendency has been prevalent in literary criticism, and the study of Jonson has not been free from the "romantic" prejudice, when it depends mainly on specialists of Shakespeare who read and study Jonson in their spare time. As a means of normalizing Jonsonian study, the investigator has attempted a reconstruction of the meaning of humanism, which has been irretrievably worn out during these two centuries, by putting it back into the original context where it was shared as "common property" among men of letters throughout Europe. The reconsideration of the humanistic value in Jonson has been done by reexamining how it makes the core of his literary canon in his works, in relation to three other fields of science, i.e., art, history and ideas. The conclusions investigator has drawn from the three-year-research are as follows :1. Jonson regarded no other arts, be it painting, architecture, or music, as hostile to his own, but estimated works of each genre according to the degree they satisfy his humanistic standard.2. His poetical realism is closely connected with the attitude peculiar to humanists, who used to extract universal lessons from each particular historical events.3. His idea of humanism stemmed from Aristotelian-Horatian tradition with its view of literature as practical philosophy, whose ultimate end is to establish a well-ordered commonwealth through the education of the citizen.