Investigation on synaptic architecture of insect deutocerebrum with intracellular staining and imunoelectron microscopical methods.

湿度和温度感受与动物的生存密切相关，特别是在昆虫中。由于体表面积与身体大小的比例很大，许多水分从体表蒸发，体温受环境影响很大。因此，对生命来说，湿度和温度感受与其他感官感受一样重要。湿度和温度感受器存在于昆虫的触角上。众所周知，大多数和可能所有的第三节，鞭毛中的触角嗅觉感受器细胞的轴突在触角叶中具有终末分支。触角叶由两种类型的肾小球组成，即普通肾小球（OG）和大肾小球复合体（MGC）。信息素受体细胞的轴突终止于MGC，嗅细胞的其他轴突终止于OG。然而，除了信息素受体等特异性受体外，还没有关于湿度和温度感受器以及嗅觉感受器轴突末端的可靠数据 ...更多信息 .我们对这些受体的轴突和来自大蠊触角上感受器的庚酸受体（嗅觉受体）进行了荧光染色。我们已经发现，湿度和温度感受器的轴突有终端arborizations在OG特定的每种类型的受体。此外，庚酸受体的轴突也终止于其他特定的OG。这些结果表明，每个受体轴突终止于特定的肾小球，即感觉信息同时在特定于每个受体的肾小球中处理。除初级传入神经外，触角叶内还存在三种类型的中间神经元：局部中间神经元（LN）、投射神经元（PN）和离心神经元。在传统的工作假设中，感觉信息从LNs流向PNs。然而，在我们的实验中，一些LN对湿度或温度变化的反应有很长的延迟，而一些PN则反应迅速。这表明，这些PN直接连接到一些轴突的湿度和热感受器细胞。少

Hygro- and thermoreception is closely related to survival of animals, and particularly so in insects. As the ratio of surface area to body size is large, much water evaporates from the body surface and body temperature is much affected by their environment. Therefore hygro- and thermoreception is as important for life as other sensory reception. The hygro- and thermoreceptors are present on antennae of insects. It is well known that most and probably all axons of antennal olfactory receptor cells in the third segment, the flagellum, have terminal arborizations in the antennal lobe. The antennal lobe comprises two types of glomeruli, ordinary glomeruli (OGs) and a macro-glomerulus complex (MGC) in male. Axons of pheromone receptor cells terminate in MGC and other axons of olfactory cells terminate in OGs. However, there were no reliable data about the terminations of axons of the hygro- and thermoreceptors and olfactory receptors other than specific receptors such as pheromone receptors … More . We stained electrophoretically the axons of these receptors and an enanthic acid receptor (olfactory receptor) from the sensilla on Periplaneta antennae. We have found that the axons of the hygro- and thermoreceptors have terminal arborizations in OG specific to each type of receptors. Furthermore, the axon of the enanthic acid receptor also teminates in other specific OG. These results suggest that each receptor axon terminates in specific glomerulus, i.e. sensory information is simultaneously processed in the glomerulus specific to each receptor. Besides primary afferents, there are three types of interneurons in the antennal lobe : local interneurons (LNs), projection neurons (PNs) and centrifugal neurons. The sensory information flows from LNs to PNs in a traditional working hypothesis. However, some LNs reacted to humidity or temperature change with a long delay after stimulations and some PNs reacted quickly in our experiment. This suggests that such PNs are directly connected to some axons of hygro- and thermal receptor cells. Less