Ancient Farm Tools in Japan and Korea -Comparative Study on the History and the Functions-

对日朝农具史的比较研究还不够。这一联合研究项目在两国推动了关于这一主题的4次国际联合研讨会。第一步是由这些研讨会确定的，并将进入下一阶段的比较研究和合作。进化的方面是；1)日本与朝鲜多个地区的历史联系是独立的；2)特别是与半岛南部喀拉地区的联系应该重新评估；3)济州岛对考虑东海文化区域很重要，特别是在犁、铲、锄的技术转移方面。本项目还通过功能分析在农具上的应用的研究方法进行了评述。该方法结合历史研究中的一般研究方法，可以有效地界定过去的农具。数值和力学分析弥补了文献证据的不足。采用有限元法对首尔国立中央博物馆收藏的古犁剪板和模板进行了分析，确定了犁耕时的拉伸阻力。在联合研讨会上介绍了该方法的应用，并讨论了其可行性。

Comparative study on Japanese-Korean history of farm tools has not enough been studied. This joint research program promoted 4 international joint seminars on this topic in both countries. The first step was established by these seminars, and will be proceeded to next stage of comparative researches and collaborations. Evolved aspects were ; 1)the historical connections are independently seen between Japan and plural regions in Korea, 2)especially the connection with Kara, south region of the peninsula, should be reestimated and 3)Cheju Island is important for considering East China Sea cultural region, especially on the technology transfer of plough, spade and hoe.This project is also remarked by the research method of the application of functional analysis on farm tools. This method is effective to define the past farm tools by combining ordinary research method in historical study. Numeric and mechanics ayalysis compensates the lack of documentary evidence. The ancient plough shear and mold board stored in Nation Central Museum of Seoul was analyzed by using finite elemental method to define the drawing resistance in ploughing. The application of this method was presented in joint seminars, and its availability was discussed.