Trace Material Analyzes of the Ice Cores from the Canadian Arctic-Difference in Acid Rain between Historical Volcanic Eruption and Anthropogenic Origin

这次调查的目标在过去三年中成功地实现了，主要是由于北极地区的天气稳定，这促进了无事故抽样考察。这项研究通过加拿大合作者帮助创建了一个国际研究组织，ICAPP（国际环北极古气候计划）。ICAPP将被认定为IGBP（国际地圈和生物圈计划）下的PAGES（过去全球气候变化）活动之一。ICAPP目前由8个国家（美国、俄罗斯、丹麦、挪威、英国、德国和日本）组成。在过去的3年里，在加拿大北极地区的阿加西斯冰帽上收集了两个完整的15万年冰芯（每个124m），以及一个800年冰芯和11个70年冰芯。ECM（电导率测量）数据是从这些冰芯中收集的。一台便携式计算机与ECM设备连接。ECM记录揭示了过去15万年酸雨的历史。超过50种可分辨的发射。历史喷发与人为排放的酸雨差异在于酸度的严重程度。火山喷发具有短而强烈的酸性，而人为排放具有长而中等的酸性。在过去的70年里，核武器试验产生的放射性物质的浓度被量化。放射性物质包括^<137>Cs和^<239+240>Pu，以及^<40>K和^<210>Pb等天然物质。最高的浓度是在1962年至1963年的冰层中获得的，就在国际禁止大气层核试验条约签署之后。^<137>的Cs浓度为2.460 mBq/cm^2, ^<239+240>的Pu浓度为4.5 mBq/cm^2。最有趣的信息是1945年爆炸（新墨西哥、广岛和长崎）的放射性物质是从1945-46年的冰层中获得的。对于^<137>的铯层含有0.04mBq/cm^2，而对于^<239+240>的钚层含有0.0007 mBq/cm^2。其中一些数据已经发表在《应用辐射与同位素杂志》上。少

The objective of this investigation was successfully achieved during the last three years, mainly due to stable weather in the Arctic, which facilitated the accident free sampling expedition. This research through the Canadian collaborators helped to create an international research organization, ICAPP (International Circum-Arctic Paleoclimate Program). The ICAPP will be recognized as one of PAGES (Past Global Climate Changes) activities under IGBP (International Geosphere and Biosphere Program). The ICAPP now consisted of eight countries (USA,Russia, Denmark, Norway, UK,Geamany and Japan)During the last 3 years, two full ice cores up to the bed rock (124 m each) which represented 150,000years, (and one ice core of 800 years and 11 ice cores of 70 years) were collected from the Agassiz ice cap in the Canadian Arctic. The ECM (electrical conductivity measurements) data were collected from these ice cores. A portable computer was interfaced with the ECM device. The ECM records revealed t … More he history of acid rain during the past 150,000 years. More than 50 distinguishable emission. The difference in acid rain between the historical eruptions and anthropogenic emission was the severity of acidity. The eruptions had short and intense acidity while the anthropogenic emission had long and moderate acidity.The concentration of radioactive materials from the nuclear weapons testing was quantified for the last 70 years. The radioactive materials included ^<137>Cs and ^<239+240>Pu, besides natural materials such as ^<40>K and ^<210>Pb. The highest concentration was obtained from an ice layr of 1962-1963, just after the international treaty, of the nuclear atmospheric testing ban. The concentration of ^<137>Cs was 2.460 mBq/cm^2 and 4.5 mBq/cm^2 for ^<239+240>Pu. The most interesting information was that the radioactive materials of 1945 explosions (New Mexico, Hiroshima and Nagasaki) was obtained from the ice layrs of 1945-46. The layrs contained 0.04mBq/cm^2 for ^<137>Cs while 0.0007 mBq/cm^2 for ^<239+240>Pu. Some of the data were already published in the Journal of Applied Rediation and Isotopes. Less