Research on Management of Japanese Manufacturing Industries, Which have Invested Overseas.

1全球经营的发展在电子行业，许多公司将全球业务领域划分为3到4个地区，即欧洲、北美和南美洲、亚洲和大洋洲，并在每个地区建立了零部件和材料采购、产品销售、融资等网络。在汽车业，这种管理全球化的程度是低得多的。劳动力和日本管理层的就业在亚洲国家，雇用廉价但质量相对较高的劳动力，但在发达国家，日本公司雇用当地劳动力，对当地社会做出了很大贡献。许多日本公司都有一些员工参与管理的制度，并使员工适应了日本式的管理，如准时生产控制和零部件采购。在亚洲国家，由于当地制造业的生产技术水平较低，日本汽车公司在零部件和材料的采购方面存在一些困难。日本公司一直在努力提高本土零部件制造商的水平。在美国，日本公司与三大公司竞争激烈，零部件和材料(当地公司)的采购率很高(60%或70%)。也有日本零部件制造商在美国进行集团投资的案例。

1 Development of Global ManagementIn Electronic Industry, many firms have divided world vusiness fields into 3 or 4 territories, i.e. Europe, North & South America, Asia & Oceania, and have organized network of procurement of parts and materials, sales of products, financing, etc., in each territories. In Motor Industry, the degree of this management globalization is some what low.Employment of Labor Forces and Japanese ManagementIn Asian Countries, cheap but relatively high quality labor forces are employed, but also in advanced countries, Japanese firms have employed local labor forces and made high contributions to local societies. Many Japanese firms have some systems of Employee's Participation in Management, and have had adaptations of employees to Japanese Style of Management, for example, Just-In-Time Production Control and T*Q*C.3 Procurement of Parts & MaterialsIn Asian Countries, Japanese Motor firms have some difficulties in procurement of parts and materials, because of low level of production engineering in local manufacturing industries. Japanese firms have endevoured to raise the level of local parts makers. In U.S.A., there are heavy competition between Japanese firms and Big 3, and the rate of procurement of parts and materials(local cntents)are high(60% or 70%). There also have the cases of Japanese Parts Makers in group investments in U.S.A..