Development of Self-Controllable captive environment for animals based on the idea of psychological well-being

本研究是日本首次尝试研究非人灵长类动物的环境富集。近年来，西方国家对非人灵长类动物圈养环境的改善进行了大量的研究。然而，在日本还没有这样的尝试。我们试图建立一系列新的实验来改善圈养环境。目标物种是日本猴子和黑猩猩。日本猴子是日本本土的猴子。黑猩猩是一项长期比较认知研究的主要对象。我们做了两件事来改善日本猴子和黑猩猩的圈养条件。一个是“游戏穹顶”项目，在10只黑猩猩为一组的户外建筑群中建造一个穹顶。穹顶直径约1.5米，高1.5米，配备了三个监控摄像头和刺激响应面板，连接到附属建筑控制塔的计算机上。使用游戏穹顶中的设备，在社会背景下研究了更多的合作和/或竞争任务。另一个是“面板笼”项目，其中一个笼由许多单元面板组成，尺寸为40*40厘米。有三种单元面板；平面板、栅格、半透明玻璃。单元面板组合成任意大小和形状的笼子。此外，两个网箱可以通过连接网箱连接，该连接网箱两侧有两个电动操作门，连接每个网箱。这一系列丰富实验的核心思想是“心理健康”。这意味着幸福不是由实验者来衡量的，而是由饲养在人工环境中的动物自己来衡量的。行为的时间预算是衡量幸福感的重要依赖变量。黑猩猩和猴子的两个项目揭示了圈养非人灵长类动物的行为多样性和时间分配的一些初步但重要的方面。少

The present research was the first attempt to study the environmental enrichment in nonhuman primates in Japan. In recent years, many studies have focused on the improvement of captive conditions for nonhuman primates in Western countries. However, there has been no such an attempt in Japan. We tried to establish a new series of experiments for improving the captive conditions. The target species were Japanese monkeys and chimpanzees. Japanese monkeys were native monkeys in Japan. Chimpanzees were the main subjects for a long-term study for comparative cognition. We did two things in relation to the improvement of captive conditions in Japanes monkeys and chimpanzees. One is a "play-dome" project, in which a dome was built in the outdoor compound of 10 chimpanzees in a group. The dome, about 1.5 m in diameter and 1.5 m high, was equipped with three monitor cameras and stimulus-response panels which were connected to a computer in a control tower in the attached building The learning su … More ch as cooperative and/or competitive tasks were studied in the social context using the equipment in the play-dome. Another is a "panel-cage" project, in which a cage consisted of numerous numbers of unit panels, 40*40 cm in size. There were three kinds of unit panels ; plane plate, grid, and translucent glass. The unit panel were combined to construct an arbitrary sized and shaped cages. Moreover, two cages can be connected by a connecting cage which has two electrically-operated doors in both sides connecting each of the cages. The core idea of the series of enrichment experiments is "psychological well-being". What it means is the happiness can be measured not by the experimenter but by the animals themselves who are kept in the artificial environment. The time budget of behavior is the important depending variables for measuring the happiness. The two projects in chimpanzees and monkeys revealed some preliminary but important aspects of behavioral diversity and the time allocation of captive nonhuman primates. Less