Irrigation Management in Arid Area and Development of New Method for Improvement of the Environment : A Case Study of the Aral Sea Basin

由于过度取水用于灌溉，咸海及其周边地区的环境和相关生态系统受到了不利影响。农业的可持续发展和保护该地区的环境和生态系统成为我们关注的焦点。分析了灌溉系统的现状及其管理。为了改善灌溉系统的管理及其绩效，不仅要恢复和改善有关的基础设施，而且要改进管理做法和机构设置。在该地区，有必要将生产结构从前苏联支持的棉花和水稻转变为符合实际粮食需求的生产结构并使其多样化。在制定合理的种植模式时，不能忽视水稻种植在盐淋方面的作用。灌溉用水的经济效益也应充分分析。在该地区的环境保护方面，需要分析在干旱的下三角洲地区建设人工水体的地方倡议。为了支持这些水体的稳定供水，需要在上游灌区进一步有效利用和节约用水。

Due to excessive withdrawal of water for irrigation purpose, the environment and related eco-system of the Aral Sea and its surrounding areas have been adversely affected. The sustainable development of agriculture and conservation of the environments as well as the eco-system of the region became the focus of our concern.The present condition of the irrigation system and its management have been analyzed. For the improvement of irrigation system management and its performance, not only the rehabilitation and improvement of related infrastructures but also the improvement in management practices and institutional setup will be important.In the region, it is necessary to transform and diversify the production structure from the former-Soviet supported cotton and paddy to one which corresponds to the actual food demand. In establishing proper cropping pattern, the functions of paddy cultivation in terms of salt leaching should not be overlooked. Economy abd benefits of water use for irrigation should also be fully analyzed. With regard to the conservation of environment in the region, local initiatives of constructing artificial water bodies in the dried lower delta areas need to be analyzed. To support the stable supply of water to these water bodies, further efficient use and saving water in the upper irrigated areas are required.