Developing a taxonomy of university instructional processes and improving teaching strategies based on the analysis of video-logged classes

目的：本项目旨在通过对录像教学过程的分析，开发多媒体教学支持系统，以改进高等教育。本研究的重点包括：(1)从师生互动的角度对大学教学活动进行分类研究；(2)开发便于教师在课堂活动中控制的录像系统；(3)开发定量方法，通过时间采样的视频打印来描述教学活动的特征；(4)利用教师和学生自己课堂活动的视频图像，为教师和学生开发了自主学习和评估程序。主要成果：使用下面提到的时间采样视频图像打印系统，对各种类型的教学活动，如讲座、研讨会和实践进行视频记录和分析，使我们能够量化和测量Qu…的教学行为更具权威性的术语。时间采样视频图像自动打印系统为我们提供了一系列视频打印纸(最大一张A4大小的纸上的144张图片)，然后可以有效地用来分析、比较和评估一些视频记录的课程。调查了教师的注意力持续时间和他们所关注的方向。教师的眼睛方向以向前、向后、向侧、向上和向下的方式记录，每一次的持续时间以秒为单位。教师注意广度的分布基本可以用两个参数α和β的复合指数分布来描述，这似乎反映了教师的交往行为模式。建立了教师和学生之间信息流动的注意时间理论模型，并成功地与各种视频教学活动取得了较好的一致性；教学调查还揭示了教师对教学活动各方面的改进努力、自我建模对教学改进的影响、教学自我效能感在教学前后的变化以及通过观看视频进行自我评价的情况。较少

Purpose : This project aims at developing multimedia support systems to improve higher education based on the analysis of video-recorded instructional processes.Focus : This study includes the following foci : (1) A taxonomic study of university instructional activities in terms of teacher-student interactions ; (2) Development of video-recording systems easily controlled by instructors during on-going classroom activities ; (3) Development of quantitative methods for describing characteristics of instructional activities by time-sampled video printings ; (4) Development of self-directed learning and evaluation programs for teachers and learners by the use of video-images of their own classroom activities.Major Outcomes : Various types of instructional activities such as lectures, seminars, and practica were video-recorded and analyzed by the use of the time-sampled video picture printing system mentioned below which enabled us to measure teaching behaviors in qantitative as well as qu … More alitative terms. The Automatic Printing System of Time Sampled Video Pictures provides us with a series of still pictures on video printing sheets (max. 144 pictures on an A4 size sheet) can then be efficiently used to analyze, compare and evaluate a number of video-logged classes.Teachers' attention spans and the directions they attended to were examined. Directions of teacher's eyes were recorded in terms of forward, backward, sideward, upward and downward and durations of each time were measured in seconds. The distributions of attention spans of teachers can basically be described by a compound exponential distribution with two parameters, alpha and beta, which seem to reflect teachers' communicationg behavior patterns. A theoretical model for attention times in terms of information flows between the teacher and students is formulated and suceeds in obtaining fairly good agreements with various video-logged instructional activities.A survey on instruction also revealed teachers' efforts to improve various aspects of teaching and learning activities, the effects of self-modeling on teaching improvements, changes of instructional self-efficacy before and after the instruction and the self-evaluation through video watching. Less