Effect of radiation for human health by Chernobyl accident

切尔诺贝利核反应堆爆炸是一场前所未有的灾难，使数百万人的健康处于危险之中。辐射是一种诱变剂，像其他诱变剂一样，可能部分通过肿瘤细胞DNA修复缺陷来发挥其治疗肿瘤的作用。作为一种诱变剂，它与各种恶性肿瘤的风险增加有关，从脑肿瘤到皮肤肿瘤和肉瘤。记录最充分的放射引起的恶性肿瘤是白血病。暴露在辐射下是白血病的一个已知原因，儿童尤其敏感。在白俄罗斯共和国230万居民中，有40万是0-14岁的儿童。据估计，许多人受到的剂量在50-60毫西弗之间。白俄罗斯的急性儿童白血病发病率在切尔诺贝利事故发生前（每百万人40.7例）和随后的时期（每百万人41.3例）之间没有明显变化。白俄罗斯不同地区的放射性核素污染水平差异很大。然而，即使是那些污染程度最高的地区，戈梅利和莫吉列夫，在后期急性儿童白血病的发病率也没有增加（分别为40和41）。这比污染最轻的维捷布斯克地区略低（42）。相比之下，在维捷布斯克地区参与放射性物质清除的清理人员（包括消防员和受害者）中，我们发现了5例急性髓性白血病（AML）和1例真性红细胞增多症。按FAB标准分为AML，M1 3例，AML，M0 1例，AML，M6 1例。1988年2例，1989年2例，1990年1例，1991年1例。1988年每百万人AML发病率为420例，1989年为372例，1990年为184例，1991年为184例，表明清算人患白血病的风险较高。进一步仔细观察清除者对于实现任何血液学疾病的早期诊断至关重要，并应大大有助于开发有效的治疗方法。少

The explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear reactor was an unprecedented disaster that has put the health of millions of people at risk. Radiation is a mutagen and like other mutagens, may exert its therapeutic effect on tumors in part through deficient repair of tumor-cell DNA.As a mutagen it has been associated with an increased risk of a wide variety of malignancies ranging from brain tumors to skin tumors and sarcomas. The best documented radiation-induced malignancy is leukemia. Exposure to radiation is a known cause of the leukemia, and children are especially sensitive. Among 2.3 million inhabitants of the Republic of Belarus, 400,000 of them were children aged 0-14 years. It has been estimated that many received doses in the range 50-60 millisieverts.No appreciable change in the incidence of acute childhood leukemia in Belarus is found between the pre-Chernobyl period (40.7 per million) and the subsequent period (41.3 per million). There was considerable variation on the level of ra … More dionuclide contamination in different regions of Belarus. However, even those regions with the highest levels of contamination, Gomel and Mogilev, showed no increase in the incidence of acute childhood leukemia in the later period (40 and 41, respectively). This was slightly lower than in the least contaminated area, Vitebsk (42).In contrast, among liquidators including firemen and victims participated in elimination of the radioactive substance, we found 5 cases of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and 1 case of polycythemia vera in Vitebsk region. Those AMLs were classified into 3 cases of AML,M1,1 case of AML,M0 and 1 case of AML,M6 by FAB criteria. Occurrence of AML were found in 2 cases in 1988,2 cases in 1989,1 case in 1990 and 1 case in 1991. The incidence of AML per million persons was 420 in 1988,372 in 1989,184 in 1990 and 184 in 1991 suggesting high risk of leukemia among liquidators.Further careful observation of the liquidators is essential to achieve early diagnosis of any kind of hematological disorders and should contribute substantially to the development of an effective form of therapy for their cure. Less