Characteristics of Arctic Air-Ice-Ocean System

在斯瓦尔巴群岛的新奥勒松及其周围，对北极层、空气中的微小颗粒、峡湾的海洋结构、峡湾生态和雪/冰川水文进行了观测。还利用挪威科考船在格陵兰海、巴伦支海和斯瓦尔巴群岛海域进行了海洋物理观测。在第三年，即1995年，联合研究的重点是通过以下活动：共同组织1995年7月19日至21日在东京举行的北极环境研究国际专题讨论会，并邀请联合伙伴挪威极地研究所的领导人托尼·维尼参加讨论。在后一场合还举行了一次讲习班：1996年3月18日的北极大气-冰-海洋系统。通过研究，发现了云结构和辐射的季节差异。明确了受这些因素强烈影响的融雪机制，并对峡湾的淡水供给量进行了估算。淡水如何被带入含盐的峡湾水的机制随后被揭开。采用每个峡湾的不同机制作为指标，尝试对斯瓦尔巴峡湾进行分类。各峡湾均出现了显著的生态现象。在更大的尺度上也发现了不同的结构：格陵兰海与巴伦支海，两者的生态条件也不同。

Observation was made in and around Ny Alesund, Svalbard, on the Arctic stratus, minor particles in the air, marine structure of the fjord, ecology in the fjord and snow/glacier hydrology.Observation of physical oceanography was also made in Greenland Sea, Barents Sea and Svalbard Water using Norwegian Research Vessels.In the third year, 1995, the joint research was focused through the activities : co-organizing International Symposium on the Arctic Environment Research, Tokyo, 19-21 July 1995 and inviting the leader of the joint partner Torgny Vjnie, Norwegian Institute of Polar Research, for discussion.In the latter occasion a work shop was also held : Arctic Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean System, 18 March 1996.The seasonal difference in the cloud structure and radiation were detected through the research.The snow-melting mechanism, which is influenced strongly by these factors, was made clear and the fresh water supply to the fjord was estimated.The mechanism, how the fresh water was taken into the salty fjord water was, then unveiled.Employing the different mechanism in each fjord as an indicator, a classification of Svalbard fjords was attempted.Remarkable ecological phenomena were detected in each fjords.The different structures were also detected in larger scale : Greenland Sea vs. Barents Sea, where again different ecological conditions prevail.