Taxonomy and ecology of pine rusts in the Far east of Russia

1992-1994年期间，在俄罗斯远东地区（东西伯利亚）的几个地区进行了水泡锈菌调查，以澄清在这些地区分布的种类和数量以及它们的替代寄主植物是什么。调查的主要领域和访问日期如下：滨海边疆区锡霍特-阿林保护区：1993年9月7日至14日；1994年7月,8 - 15日。乌苏里保护区和海参崴、滨海边疆区（图1b）： 1992年7月28日至8月7日；1993年9月4 - 6日。哈巴罗夫斯克地区Bolschechtsirsky保护区：1993年8月26日至9月3日；1994年7月17日。联系，马加丹地区：1994年8月18日至25日，7月18日至23日。在调查中，我们收集到了大量的黑松、红松和西尔马松以及交替寄主上的水疱锈菌标本；桂花，山茱萸，山茱萸，山茱萸，林茱萸，马先蒿，山茱萸，芍药。通过对这些标本的形态观察，鉴定出两种水疱锈病，一种是croronartium ribicola，另一种是c . flacacum。然而，在这些地区收集到的马先蒿属植物的尿道和物质阶段不能明确地归属于C.ribicola或c . flacacum，需要进一步调查。根据调查结果，提出了俄罗斯远东地区水疱锈菌可能的生命周期。由于在乌斯里保护区和bolschechhtsirsky保护区发现白芍和马先蒿感染了水疱锈菌，因此白芍和马先蒿可能是白芍和马先蒿的交替寄主，而白芍和马先蒿感染水疱锈菌的频率较高。我们认为在C.ribicola中存在两种类型的生命周期。在第一类生命周期中，寄主可能在红松（Pinus koraiensis）、Ribes和马先蒿（Pedicularis）之间交替发生。这种生命周期是在锡霍特-阿林保护区的调查中提出的。在马加丹地区的调查中提出了第二种类型。在这种类型的生命周期中，寄主可能在黑松和黑松之间发生交替。为了证实这些生命周期，将需要进一步的调查和接种实验。本次调查收集的所有标本均保存在筑波大学农林研究所真菌学标本室。少

Surveys of blister rust fungi were carried out in several areas of the Russian Far east (Eastern siberia) during 1992-1994 in order to clarify what and how many species are distributed in these areas and what thier alternate host plants are. Main areas of surveys and dates of visit are as follows : Sikhote-Alin Reserve, Primorsky Territory : September 7-14,1993 ; July 8-15,1994. Ussuri Reserve and Vladiostok, Primorsky Territory (Fig.1B) : July 28- August 7,1992 ; September 4-6,1993. Bolschechtsirsky Reserve, Khabarovsk Territory : August 26- September 3,1993 ; July 17,1994. Contact, Magadan Region : August 18-25, July 18-23,1994.In thses surveys, we could collect many specimens of blister rust fungi on Pinus pumila, P.koraiensis and P.sylvestris and those on alternate hosts ; Ribes fragrans, R.dikuscha, R.triste, R.mandshuricum, R.latifolium, Pedicularis resupinata, P.mandshurica, Paeonia lactiflora. Based on morphological observation of these specimens, two species of blister rust fu … More ngi, Cronartium ribicola and C.flaccidum were recognized. However, uredinial and terial stages found on Pedicularis spp. collected these areas could not be assigned definitely either to C.ribicola or C.flaccidum and need further investigation.From the results of our survey, the possible life cycle of blister rust fungi in the Russian Far East is suggested. Alternate hosts of C.flaccidum on Pinus sylvestris may be Paeonia and Pedicularis because we found Paeonia and Pedicularis infected with blister rust fungi in Ussri and Bolschechtsirsky Reserves where C.flaccidum was found frequently. We suppose that there are two types of life cycles in C.ribicola. In the first type of life cycle, host alternation may occur between Pinus koraiensis, Ribes and Pedicularis. This type of life cycle was suggested from the survey in Sikhote-Alin Reserve. The secondtype was suggested from the survey in Magadan Region. In this type of life cycle, host alternation may occur between Pinus pumila and Ribes. To confirm these life cycles further survey and inoculation experiments will be required.All specimens collected in this survey are deposited in the Mycological Herbarium, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba (TSH). Less