AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE PROCESS OF THE CRIME OCCURENCE---FROM THE VICTIMOLOGICAL VIEWPOINTS

这一研究与以往的以罪犯为研究对象的研究有很大的不同。也就是说，焦点转移到了受害者的身体部位。明确社会犯罪发生的正负两种力量的作用机制。这项研究在1994年和1995年进行了两年，从东京周围的13个研究区域选择了1831名受试者。结论如下：, 1。。从区域特征之间的关系来看，长期居住与社区失序之间的关系非常清晰。也就是说，居民生活的时间越长，社区的社会秩序就越稳定。非正式社会控制与社会无序成正系数，与长期生活成负系数。受害者经历、犯罪恐惧与犯罪发生的听视频率之间存在着很高的关系。也就是说，有受害经历的地区的人有相对较多的犯罪恐惧情绪。社会对各种越轨行为的反应因行为种类和加害人与被害人的社会距离而异。

This research is quite different from the existed one, which was based on the offenders (criminals). That is, the focus is shifted to the victims' points. It is to make clear the mechanism of the positive and negative forces to occur the crimes in the community. The research was done for two years in 1994 and 1995.1,831 subjects were chosen from 13 research areas around Tokyo. The following was drawn as conclusion ; , .1. Looking at the relationship among the area characteristics, it is very clear of the relationship between the long term residence and community disorder. That is, the more the residents live for the long years, the more the social order of the community is keeping.2. As for the informal social control, it is positive coefficience with social disorder, and negative coefficience with long term living.3. There are very high relationship among the victim experiences, fear of crime and frequency of hearing and watching of crime occurrence. That is, the area of the people with the victim experience has relatively many with the feeling of crime fear.4. The social reaction to the various deviant behaviors is varying on the kinds of the behaviors and the social distance between the offenders and victims.