A sociological and psychological study of the social adaptation process among inhabitants in the area devastated by the Mt.Unzen-Fugendake

云禅宗-富根达克火山破坏地区居民社会适应过程的社会学和心理学研究。1990年11月17日，云禅富根ake火山200年来首次喷发。火山上一次喷发是在1792年。炸掉了mayuyama山顶夺走了9534名居民的生命。就在火山爆发之后。岛原市设立了救灾行动指挥部。长崎县警察总部设立了紧急控制中心。1991年5月15日发生了一次严重的土石雪崩，6月3日发生了一次火山碎屑流。夺走了多达43条生命。随后。有四次主要的火山碎屑流和六次严重的泥土和岩石雪崩。该市市长将危险区域指定为“需要特别注意的区域”，那里有594户家庭。包括2358名居民。被疏散。这些撤离者被置于危机管理系统之下。在很长一段时间内把他们当作难民。我们进行了一项社会学和心理学研究。调查这些难民在三年多的时间里如何适应社会恢复正常生活的过程。首先。我们走近。为合作。三种组织。即由居民社区团体组成的市镇协会。由所有市民团体组成的岛原市生存重建协议会和志愿团体协议会。并主要通过访谈对他们进行调查。同时进行。我们还调查了各行各业的公众。除了。我们对岛原地震和1995年1月发生的关西大地震进行了比较研究。从民族学的角度来看。我们考察了这些灾民集体努力适应社会生活的过程。特别提到如何获得供水与他们的原始状态或生活的正常化有关。并进行了研究和分析。从教育心理学的角度。这些灾难对高中生的生活态度和行为的影响。以及他们的家庭和社区防灾和疏散的方法，以及初中生对火山和地震的认识和理解。我们通过报道和分析各级政府应对富根ake火山爆发灾难的决策过程来结束这项研究。日本自卫队和警察部队的活动，以及九州大学地震观测站的研究人员和科学家的杰出活动。值得注意的是，地方政府之间的合作非常完美。自卫队。警方与当地地震观测站的研究人员和科学家联手，在应对这一非常严重的紧急情况的危机管理中发挥了至关重要的作用。少

A sociological and psychological study of the social adaptation process among inhabitants in the area devastated by MT.Unzen-FugendakeMt.Unzen-Fugendake erupted on November 17.1990 for the first time in 200 years.the last time the mouton erupted being in 1792.blowing up the peak of Mt.Mayuyama. claiming the lives of 9.534 inhabitants.Immediately after the eruption. Shimabara City established the Disaster Relief operation Hcadquarters. and the Nagasaki Prefectural Police Headquarters set up the Emergency Control Center. There were a serious avalanche of earth and rocks on May 15.1991 and a pyroclasic flow on June 3.1991. claiming as many as 43 lives. Subsequently. there were four major pyroclastic flows and sixserious avalanches of earth and rocks. The mayor of the city designated the danger area as "an area requiring spccial caution." from where 594 households. including 2.358 inhabitants. were evacuated. These evacuees were placed under the crisis management system. treating them as r … More efugees for an extended period of time.We conducted a sociological and psychological research. surveying the process through which these refugees had become socially adapted back to normal lives over three years.For starters. we approached. for cooperation. three kinds of organizations. i.e., town associations comprising inhabitants neighborhood groups. the Deliberative Council for Shimabanra city's survival and Reconstruction consisting of all civic groups and the Council for Volunteer Groups. and surveyed them mostly through interviews. Simultaneously. we also surveyed the public in all walks of life. Besides. we made a comparative study of the Shimabara disaster and the Great Kansai Earthquake that occurred in January. 1995. From the ethnological perspective. we cxamined the process through which these disaster sufferers had tried collcctively to adapt themselves to social lives. withparticular reference to how an access to water supply was related to the normalization of their original state or life.Also studied and analyzed. from the viewpoint of educational psychology. were the effects of these disaster on high school students' attitudes toward their lefe or behavior. and their families' and communities' approaches to disaster prevention and cvacuation as well as on the knowledge and understanding of junior high school students about volcanocs and earthquakcs.We wrapped up this research by covering and analyzing the decision-making process on the part of the governments at all levels to deal with the disaster caused by Mt. Fugendake's eruption. the activities of the Jnpanese self-defense Force and the police force as well as the outstanding activities by the researches and scientists from the Kyushu University's Seismological Obscrvatory. It is noteworthy that perfectly concerted teamwork among the local governments. Self-defense Force. Police force and the researchers and scicntists from the local seismological observatory combined to lay the vital role in the crisis management in coping with this very serious emergency situation. Less