A Study on Leadership and Evacuation Behavior in an Emergency

突发事件中的领导力与疏散行为研究

• 批准号: 61301013
• 负责人: MISUMI Jyuji
• 金额: $ 3.14万
• 依托单位: Nara University (1987)Osaka University (1986)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1986 至 1987
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-61301013/
• 关键词: Leadership; Disaster; Crosis Management; Evacuation Behavior; Decision-Making; Group Behavior; 組織行動; 意思決定

We conducted a survey about the response of organizations and inhabitants before and after the landslide disaster which happened in Nagano city in July. 1985. As a result. we found that a false alarm before the disaster didn't always have a negative effect on the quick response of the inhabitants. Rather it made them ready for the evacuation especially through the appropriate leadership of some inhabitants. On the other hand most of the organizations including the city office did not cope with the disaster effectively because they had too optimistic a view for it and fell into poor decision-making processes.As it was suggested that leadership and decision-making processes played an important role in an emergency, we conducted two experiments to examine these points.First we investigated the effect of leadership in normal times on the follower's coping behavior when an emergency occurred. based on Misumi's Performance(P)-Maintenance(M) theory. We introduced two types of leadership behavior.One of them is P-behavior which emphasizes group goal achievement. The other is M-behavior which facilitates group cohesiveness. As a result we found that the most effective leadership for a quick response by the followers was one which combines the two behaviors mentioned above.Secondly we investigated the effects of leadership on group decision processes. In group decision-making in an emergency situation. members of the group often conform to one another excessively so that they do not examine important information sufficiently. We introduced two types of leadership behavior. P-behavior consisted of emphasizing that many types of information should be taken into consideration as well as pressing the members to reach a correct solution. while M-behavior consisted of establishing a free and participative atmosphere. The results again showed that the most effective leadership was one which combined two behaviors mentioned above.

我们进行了一项调查的组织和居民的反应之前和之后发生的山体滑坡灾害在长野市在7月。1985.结果。我们发现，灾难发生前的一次虚惊并不总是对居民的快速反应产生负面影响。相反，它使他们准备撤离，特别是通过一些居民的适当领导。另一方面，包括市政府在内的大多数组织没有有效地科普灾难，因为他们对灾难的看法过于乐观，并陷入了糟糕的决策过程。有人认为，领导和决策过程在紧急情况下发挥了重要作用，我们进行了两个实验来检验这些观点。首先，我们考察了在正常情况下领导对下属在紧急情况下应对行为的影响发生了。基于Misumi的性能（P）-维护（M）理论。我们介绍了两种领导行为，一种是强调群体目标达成的P型领导行为。另一种是促进群体凝聚力的M行为。研究结果表明，最有效的领导方式是将上述两种行为结合起来，以使追随者做出快速反应。其次，我们考察了领导方式对群体决策过程的影响。紧急情况下的群体决策。小组成员经常过度遵守彼此的规定，以至于他们没有充分审查重要信息。我们介绍了两种类型的领导行为。P行为包括强调应考虑多种类型的信息，以及敦促成员达成正确的解决方案。而M行为则是建立一个自由参与的氛围。结果再次表明，最有效的领导是一个结合上述两种行为。

项目成果

Jyuji, MISUMI: "An Experimental Study about the Effects of Leadership Behavior in the Normal Time on Follower's Coping Behavior When Emergency Occurred." The Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 28. (1988)

Jyuji，MISUMI：“正常时间领导行为对紧急情况发生时下属应对行为影响的实验研究”。

Jyuji, MISUMI: "A Field Study on the Inhabitants' Response to a Landslide Disaster" The Proceedings for a Joint Congress of the Japanese Society of Social Psychology and the Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 75-82 (1986)

Jyuji, MISUMI：“居民对山体滑坡灾害反应的实地研究”日本社会心理学会和日本实验社会心理学杂志联合大会论文集。

三隅 二不二: 日本社会心理学会・日本グループダイナミックス学会合同大会論文集. 75-82 (1986)

Nifuji Misumi：日本社会心理学会和日本团体动力学学会联合会议记录75-82（1986）。

三隅 二不二: 実験社会心理学研究. 28. (1988)

二藤三澄：实验社会心理学研究28。（1988）

Jyuji,MISUMI: "A Study on the Effects of the Group Member's Fear of Insecurity and Leadership on Information-Processing in a Discussion Group" The Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 28. (1988)

Jyuji，MISUMI：“小组成员对不安全感的恐惧和领导力对讨论小组中信息处理的影响的研究”《日本实验社会心理学杂志》。