Mechanism of fertilization and embryo development

受精是一个过程，包括许多事件，其中个别配子从女性和男性联合创造后代。这种通过受精的两性生殖模式出现在进化过程中，并在包括哺乳动物在内的大多数物种中得以维持。虽然受精机制的原因仍然不清楚，但这一过程可能会加快进化的适应速度，同时避免在不断变化的环境中出现不可逆的有害突变。在这一系列实验中，我们特别揭示了以下结果。(1)40岁以上的老年人卵泡颗粒层内有较多的脱光体。(2)受精触发了单细胞胚胎中2-脱氧葡萄糖的易化转运，随着植入前胚胎的成熟，2-脱氧葡萄糖6-磷酸的形成沿着发展。(3)小鼠卵母细胞受精后，胞内钙离子浓度开始周期性增加。这种钙振荡被钙通道拮抗剂抑制，并且与新鲜鸡蛋相比，老化鸡蛋中的钙振荡模式发生了变化。(4)将精子显微注射到金黄地鼠卵母细胞中，甚至在人少弱精子症中，都能正确地进行精子染色体分析。(5)排卵后输卵管分泌与卵子结合的特异性糖蛋白。仓鼠输卵管糖蛋白cDNA的分子克隆为8个潜在的N-糖基化位点。北方印迹分析显示，一个单一的信息约。

Fertilization is the process including many events whereby individual gametes from the female and male unite to create offspring. This bisexual mode of reproduction via fertilization emerged during evolution and has been maintained in most species including mammals. Although the reason for mechanism of fertilization is still not clearly understood, this process may accelerate the rate of adaptation in evolution while avoiding irreversible accumlation of detrimental mutations in the face of a constantly changing environment. In this series of experiments we have revealed especially following results.(1) Apophotic bodies in granulosa of human follicles was highly observed in aged group over 40 years.(2) Fertilization triggered facilitative 2-deoxyglucose transport in one-cell embryo, and 2-deoxyglucose 6-phosphate formation developed along with the maturation of preimplantation embryos.(3) Intracellular calcium concentration starts to increase in a periodic manner after fertilization in oocytes of mice. This calcium oscillation was inhibited by calcium channel antagonists and pattern of calcium oscillation was changed in older egg compared to fresh egg.(4) Analysis of sperm chromosome was correctly performed after microinjection of sperm into hamster oocytes even oligo-asthenozospermia of human.(5) The oviduct secretes specificc glycoprotein that associate with egg after ovulation. Molecular cloning of cDNA corresponding to hamster oviduct glycoprotain was eight potential N-glycosylation sides. Northern blot analysis revealed that a single message of approximately.